TY - JOUR
T1 - Embryo cryopreservation and utilization in the United States from 2004–2013
AU - Christianson, Mindy S.
AU - Stern, Judy E.
AU - Sun, Fangbai
AU - Zhang, Heping
AU - Styer, Aaron K.
AU - Vitek, Wendy
AU - Polotsky, Alex J.
N1 - Funding Information:
M.S.C. has nothing to disclose. J.E.S. has nothing to disclose. F.S. has nothing to disclose. H.Z. has reported grants from the National Institutes of Health during the conduct of the study. A.K.S. has nothing to disclose. W.V. has nothing to disclose. A.J.P. has nothing to disclose.
Funding Information:
Supported by the Clinical Research Scientist Training Program , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development ( R25 HD 075737 ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Authors
PY - 2020/9
Y1 - 2020/9
N2 - Objective: To evaluate the quantity and use of embryos cryopreserved at assisted reproductive technology (ART) clinics in the United States from 2004 through 2013 and to characterize trends in ART cycles in which all embryos were cryopreserved. Design: Retrospective analysis. Setting: Not applicable. Patient(s): Registry data from the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology. Intervention(s): Historical cohort of U.S. ART cycles reported to the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinical Outcomes Reporting System between 2004 and 2013. Main Outcome Measure(s): Number of embryos cryopreserved and factors associated with having cryopreserved embryos. Result(s): The percentage of fresh cycles in which all embryos were frozen increased dramatically each year after 2010: 15.6% (2010), 19.9% (2011), 30.7% (2012), and 40.7% (2013). During 10 years, 1,954,548 embryos were cryopreserved and 717,345 embryos were transferred. In freeze-only cycles from 2004 to 2013, there was a significant increase in the percentage of women with diminished ovarian reserve (19.9% to 34.1%) and in those who used preimplantation genetic testing (3.2% to 6.9%). During the 10-year period, there were 294,575 fresh cycles with embryo transfer and at least one embryo cryopreserved. Overall, 52.5% (n = 154,543) did not undergo a subsequent frozen embryo transfer, 29.5% (n = 40,462) were left with no frozen embryos, 50.4% (n = 68,875) had one–five embryos, and 20.0% (n = 27,396) had ≥six. Factors associated with having excess embryos included donor oocyte cycles and increased antimüllerian hormone levels. Conclusion(s): There has been a sharp increase in U.S. ART cycles in which all embryos are frozen and this may result in more embryos in storage.
AB - Objective: To evaluate the quantity and use of embryos cryopreserved at assisted reproductive technology (ART) clinics in the United States from 2004 through 2013 and to characterize trends in ART cycles in which all embryos were cryopreserved. Design: Retrospective analysis. Setting: Not applicable. Patient(s): Registry data from the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology. Intervention(s): Historical cohort of U.S. ART cycles reported to the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinical Outcomes Reporting System between 2004 and 2013. Main Outcome Measure(s): Number of embryos cryopreserved and factors associated with having cryopreserved embryos. Result(s): The percentage of fresh cycles in which all embryos were frozen increased dramatically each year after 2010: 15.6% (2010), 19.9% (2011), 30.7% (2012), and 40.7% (2013). During 10 years, 1,954,548 embryos were cryopreserved and 717,345 embryos were transferred. In freeze-only cycles from 2004 to 2013, there was a significant increase in the percentage of women with diminished ovarian reserve (19.9% to 34.1%) and in those who used preimplantation genetic testing (3.2% to 6.9%). During the 10-year period, there were 294,575 fresh cycles with embryo transfer and at least one embryo cryopreserved. Overall, 52.5% (n = 154,543) did not undergo a subsequent frozen embryo transfer, 29.5% (n = 40,462) were left with no frozen embryos, 50.4% (n = 68,875) had one–five embryos, and 20.0% (n = 27,396) had ≥six. Factors associated with having excess embryos included donor oocyte cycles and increased antimüllerian hormone levels. Conclusion(s): There has been a sharp increase in U.S. ART cycles in which all embryos are frozen and this may result in more embryos in storage.
KW - Embryo cryopreservation
KW - embryo disposition
KW - in vitro fertilization
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U2 - 10.1016/j.xfre.2020.05.010
DO - 10.1016/j.xfre.2020.05.010
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85100515969
SN - 2666-3341
VL - 1
SP - 71
EP - 77
JO - F and S Reports
JF - F and S Reports
IS - 2
ER -