Abstract
We evaluated the activity of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ) against a Kl Escherichia coli strain. Minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations were 0.06/1.14 and 0.25/4.75 μg/ml, respectively. In vivo studies using an infant rat model of bacteremia and meningitis revealed that TMP/SMZ penetrated well into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and that 37% of serum levels were achieved. The efficacy of TMP/SMZ was compared with that of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cefotaxime and lamoxactam. Bacterial clearance from blood and CSF was significantly greater with TMP/SMZ than with ampicillin or chloramphenicol and mortality was significantly less than with chloramphenicol (p < 0.01). However, 3 of 21 (14%) and 2 of 8 animals (25%) still had positive blood and CSF cultures after 3 days of treatment with TMP/SMZ. None of the survivors in the cefotaxime and lamoxactam groups were bacteremic after 1 day of therapy. Furthermore, 5 of 13 animals (38%) treated with TMP/SMZ developed meningitis during therapy, in contrast with none in the cefotaxime and lamoxactam groups. These findings indicate that although the activity of TMP/SMZ is bactericidal in vitro and in vivo against E. coli, TMP/SMZ may not provide optimal therapy for gram-negative bacillary meningitis in this model.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 428-435 |
Number of pages | 8 |
Journal | CHEMOTHERAPY |
Volume | 29 |
Issue number | 6 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 1983 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Ampicillin
- Bacteremia
- Cefotaxime
- Chloramphenicol
- Escherichia coli
- In vitro/in vivo studies
- Lamoxactam
- Meningitis
- Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Oncology
- Pharmacology
- Drug Discovery
- Pharmacology (medical)
- Infectious Diseases