TY - GEN
T1 - Effects of treatment on the treated
T2 - Identification and generalization
AU - Shpitser, Ilya
AU - Pearl, Judea
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2009
Y1 - 2009
N2 - Many applications of causal analysis call for assessing, retrospectively, the effect of withholding an action that has in fact been implemented. This counterfactual quantity, sometimes called "effect of treatment on the treated," (ETT) have been used to to evaluate educational programs, critic public policies, and justify individual decision making. In this paper we explore the conditions under which ETT can be estimated from (i.e., identified in) experimental and/or observational studies. We show that, when the action invokes a singleton variable, the conditions for ETT identification have simple characterizations in terms of causal diagrams. We further give a graphical characterization of the conditions under which the effects of multiple treatments on the treated can be identified, as well as ways in which the ETT estimand can be constructed from both interventional and observational distributions.
AB - Many applications of causal analysis call for assessing, retrospectively, the effect of withholding an action that has in fact been implemented. This counterfactual quantity, sometimes called "effect of treatment on the treated," (ETT) have been used to to evaluate educational programs, critic public policies, and justify individual decision making. In this paper we explore the conditions under which ETT can be estimated from (i.e., identified in) experimental and/or observational studies. We show that, when the action invokes a singleton variable, the conditions for ETT identification have simple characterizations in terms of causal diagrams. We further give a graphical characterization of the conditions under which the effects of multiple treatments on the treated can be identified, as well as ways in which the ETT estimand can be constructed from both interventional and observational distributions.
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M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:80053137537
T3 - Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, UAI 2009
SP - 514
EP - 521
BT - Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, UAI 2009
PB - AUAI Press
ER -