TY - CHAP
T1 - Effects of Setting on Psychedelic Experiences, Therapies, and Outcomes
T2 - A Rapid Scoping Review of the Literature
AU - Golden, Tasha L.
AU - Magsamen, Susan
AU - Sandu, Clara C.
AU - Lin, Shuyang
AU - Roebuck, Grace Marie
AU - Shi, Kathy M.
AU - Barrett, Frederick S.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - The health and well-being impacts of art and aesthetic experiences have been rigorously studied by a range of disciplines, including cognitive neuroscience, psychiatry, public health, and translational clinical research. These experiences, encompassed in the concepts of set and setting, have long been claimed to be pivotal in determining the acute and enduring effects of psychedelic experiences. Responding to the field’s longstanding emphasis on the role and value of setting, a rapid scoping review was undertaken to identify the extent to which effects of setting and aesthetics on psychedelic experiences and therapies have been explicitly studied. It offers an analysis of the strengths and limitations of the extant literature and discusses evidentiary gaps as well as evidentiary opportunities for the field. The 43 included studies indicate apparent consensus regarding the importance of setting in psychedelic therapies, as well as consistent interest in theorizing about these effects. However, this consensus has yet to generate consistent, prospective, rigorous tests of setting and its complexities. As a result, the field continues to lack understanding or agreement regarding the effects of various specific elements of setting, the mechanisms by which they affect outcomes, for whom these effects occur, under what circumstances, given what conditions, and other critical factors. Further studies of setting and aesthetics in the context of psychedelic therapies are likely to not only improve these therapies and their delivery, but also inform considerations of setting and aesthetics for non-psychedelic interventions.
AB - The health and well-being impacts of art and aesthetic experiences have been rigorously studied by a range of disciplines, including cognitive neuroscience, psychiatry, public health, and translational clinical research. These experiences, encompassed in the concepts of set and setting, have long been claimed to be pivotal in determining the acute and enduring effects of psychedelic experiences. Responding to the field’s longstanding emphasis on the role and value of setting, a rapid scoping review was undertaken to identify the extent to which effects of setting and aesthetics on psychedelic experiences and therapies have been explicitly studied. It offers an analysis of the strengths and limitations of the extant literature and discusses evidentiary gaps as well as evidentiary opportunities for the field. The 43 included studies indicate apparent consensus regarding the importance of setting in psychedelic therapies, as well as consistent interest in theorizing about these effects. However, this consensus has yet to generate consistent, prospective, rigorous tests of setting and its complexities. As a result, the field continues to lack understanding or agreement regarding the effects of various specific elements of setting, the mechanisms by which they affect outcomes, for whom these effects occur, under what circumstances, given what conditions, and other critical factors. Further studies of setting and aesthetics in the context of psychedelic therapies are likely to not only improve these therapies and their delivery, but also inform considerations of setting and aesthetics for non-psychedelic interventions.
KW - Aesthetics
KW - Arts
KW - Arts and health
KW - Ceremonial setting
KW - Classic psychedelics
KW - Enriched environment
KW - Music
KW - Naturalistic setting
KW - Neuroaesthetics
KW - Plant based medicine
KW - Psychedelic therapy
KW - Psychedelics
KW - Ritual setting
KW - Scoping review
KW - Setting
KW - Sociocultural setting
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85136992053&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/7854_2021_298
DO - 10.1007/7854_2021_298
M3 - Chapter
C2 - 35138585
AN - SCOPUS:85136992053
T3 - Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences
SP - 35
EP - 70
BT - Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences
PB - Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
ER -