TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of reduced sodium intake on hypertension control in older individuals
T2 - Results from the trial of nonpharmacologic interventions in the elderly (TONE)
AU - Appel, Lawrence J.
AU - Espeland, Mark A.
AU - Easter, Linda
AU - Wilson, Alan C.
AU - Folmar, Steven
AU - Lacy, Clifton R.
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2001/3/12
Y1 - 2001/3/12
N2 - Background: Few trials have evaluated the effects of reduced sodium intake in older individuals, and no trial has examined the effects in relevant subgroups such as African Americans. Patients and Methods: The effects of sodium reduction on blood pressure (BP) and hypertension control were evaluated in 681 patients with hypertension, aged 60 to 80 years, randomly assigned to a reduced sodium intervention or control group. Participants (47% women, 23% African Americans) had systolic BP less than 145 mm Hg and diastolic BP less than 85 mm Hg while taking 1 antihypertensive medication. Three months after the start of intervention, medication was withdrawn. The primary end point was occurrence of an average systolic BP of 150 mm Hg or more, an average diastolic BP of 90 mm Hg or more, the resumption of medication, or a cardiovascular event during follow-up (mean, 27.8 months). Results: Compared with control, mean urinary sodium excretion was 40 mmol/d less in the reduced sodium intervention group (P<.001); significant reductions in sodium excretion occurred in subgroups defined by sex, race, age, and obesity. Prior to medication withdrawal, mean reductions in systolic and diastolic BPs from the reduced sodium intervention, net of control, were 4.3 mm Hg (P<.001) and 2.0 mm Hg (P=.001). During follow-up, an end point occurred in 59% of reduced sodium and 73% of control group participants (relative hazard ratio=0.68, P<.001). In African Americans, the corresponding relative hazard ratio was 0.56 (P=.005); results were similar in other subgroups. In dose-response analyses, end points were progressively less frequent with greater sodium reduction (P for trend=.002). Conclusion: A reduced sodium intake is a broadly effective, nonpharmacologic therapy that can lower BP and control hypertension in older individuals.
AB - Background: Few trials have evaluated the effects of reduced sodium intake in older individuals, and no trial has examined the effects in relevant subgroups such as African Americans. Patients and Methods: The effects of sodium reduction on blood pressure (BP) and hypertension control were evaluated in 681 patients with hypertension, aged 60 to 80 years, randomly assigned to a reduced sodium intervention or control group. Participants (47% women, 23% African Americans) had systolic BP less than 145 mm Hg and diastolic BP less than 85 mm Hg while taking 1 antihypertensive medication. Three months after the start of intervention, medication was withdrawn. The primary end point was occurrence of an average systolic BP of 150 mm Hg or more, an average diastolic BP of 90 mm Hg or more, the resumption of medication, or a cardiovascular event during follow-up (mean, 27.8 months). Results: Compared with control, mean urinary sodium excretion was 40 mmol/d less in the reduced sodium intervention group (P<.001); significant reductions in sodium excretion occurred in subgroups defined by sex, race, age, and obesity. Prior to medication withdrawal, mean reductions in systolic and diastolic BPs from the reduced sodium intervention, net of control, were 4.3 mm Hg (P<.001) and 2.0 mm Hg (P=.001). During follow-up, an end point occurred in 59% of reduced sodium and 73% of control group participants (relative hazard ratio=0.68, P<.001). In African Americans, the corresponding relative hazard ratio was 0.56 (P=.005); results were similar in other subgroups. In dose-response analyses, end points were progressively less frequent with greater sodium reduction (P for trend=.002). Conclusion: A reduced sodium intake is a broadly effective, nonpharmacologic therapy that can lower BP and control hypertension in older individuals.
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U2 - 10.1001/archinte.161.5.685
DO - 10.1001/archinte.161.5.685
M3 - Article
C2 - 11231700
AN - SCOPUS:0035848346
SN - 0003-9926
VL - 161
SP - 685
EP - 693
JO - Archives of internal medicine
JF - Archives of internal medicine
IS - 5
ER -