TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of Race and Sex on Measured GFR
T2 - The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
AU - Inker, Lesley A.
AU - Shafi, Tariq
AU - Okparavero, Aghogho
AU - Tighiouart, Hocine
AU - Eckfeldt, John H.
AU - Katz, Ronit
AU - Johnson, W. Craig
AU - Dermond, Norma
AU - Tariq, Zarqa
AU - Benayache, Imene
AU - Post, Wendy S.
AU - Coresh, Josef
AU - Levey, Andrew S.
AU - Shlipak, Michael G.
N1 - Funding Information:
Financial Disclosure: Drs Inker, Coresh, and Levey have a provisional patent filed August 15, 2014: “Precise estimation of glomerular filtration rate from multiple biomarkers” PCT/US2015/044567. The technology is not licensed in whole or in part to any company; Tufts Medical Center, Johns Hopkins University, and Metabolon Inc have a collaboration agreement to develop a product to estimate GFR from a panel of markers. Dr Inker reports funding to Tufts Medical Center for research and contracts with the NIH, NKF, Pharmalink AB, Gilead Sciences, and Otsuka. Dr Eckfeldt is a consultant to Gentian, Moss, Norway. Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc, Tarrytown, New York, has provided free or steeply discounted reagents for studies performed in Dr Eckfeldt’s research laboratory. Dr Coresh reports funding to Johns Hopkins University for research and contracts with the NIH and NKF. Dr Levey reports funding to Tufts Medical Center for research and contracts with the NIH, NKF, Amgen, Pharmalink AB, and Gilead Sciences. Drs Shafi and Post receive funding from the NIH. Dr Shlipak receives funding from the NIH and serves as an Advisor to Cricket Health and Tai Diagnostics. The other authors declare that they have no other relevant financial interests.
Funding Information:
Support: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). This publication was made possible by the Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, which is funded in part by grant UL1 TR 001079 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences , a component of the NIH, and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of the Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, or NIH. This research was also supported by grant R01DK087961 from the NIH ; contracts N01-HC-95159 , N01-HC-95160 , N01-HC-95161 , N01-HC-95162 , N01-HC-95163 , N01-HC-95164 , N01-HC-95165 , N01-HC-95166 , N01-HC-95167 , N01-HC-95168 , and N01-HC-95169 from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute ; and grants UL1-TR-000040 and UL1-TR-001079 from the National Center for Research Resources . The funders of this study had no role in the study design; collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data; writing of the report; or the decision to submit the report for publication.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 National Kidney Foundation, Inc.
PY - 2016/11/1
Y1 - 2016/11/1
N2 - Background Kidney failure disproportionately affects older blacks versus whites. The reasons are unknown and may be related to lower measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and higher levels of albuminuria in community-based population samples. Study Design Cross-sectional analysis of a substudy of a prospective cohort. Setting & Participants Ancillary study following Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) visit 5. Predictor Age, sex, and race. Outcomes & Measurements Measured GFR using plasma clearance of iohexol and urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR). Results GFR was measured in 294 participants. Mean age was 71 ± 9 (SD) years, 47% were black, 48% were women, mean GFR was 73 ± 19 mL/min/1.73 m2, and median ACR was 10.0 (IQR, 5.8-20.9) mg/g. Measured GFR was on average 1.02 (95% CI, 0.79-1.24) mL/min/1.73 m2 lower per year older. Mean GFR indexed for body surface area was not different between blacks versus whites (mean difference, 2.94 [95% CI, −1.37 to 7.26] mL/min/1.73 m2), but was lower in women than men (mean difference, −9.34 [95% CI, −13.53 to −5.15] mL/min/1.73 m2); this difference persisted and remained significant after adjustment for demographics, clinical characteristics, and measures of body size. The difference between men and women, but not between blacks and whites, was substantially greater when GFR was not indexed for body surface area. ACR was higher in older versus younger participants (mean difference, 3.2% [95% CI, 1.5%-4.8%] per year), but geometric mean ratio of ACR did not differ between blacks versus whites (mean difference, 19.7%; 95% CI, −39.1% to 6.1%) or between men versus women (mean difference, −4.4%; 95% CI, −27.7% to 26.3%). Limitations This is a study of survivors. People who agreed to participate were younger than those who refused. Conclusions In this first community-based study that included blacks and whites, no differences in measured GFR between races were found, suggesting that other factors must account for the disproportionately higher burden of kidney failure in older blacks versus whites.
AB - Background Kidney failure disproportionately affects older blacks versus whites. The reasons are unknown and may be related to lower measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and higher levels of albuminuria in community-based population samples. Study Design Cross-sectional analysis of a substudy of a prospective cohort. Setting & Participants Ancillary study following Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) visit 5. Predictor Age, sex, and race. Outcomes & Measurements Measured GFR using plasma clearance of iohexol and urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR). Results GFR was measured in 294 participants. Mean age was 71 ± 9 (SD) years, 47% were black, 48% were women, mean GFR was 73 ± 19 mL/min/1.73 m2, and median ACR was 10.0 (IQR, 5.8-20.9) mg/g. Measured GFR was on average 1.02 (95% CI, 0.79-1.24) mL/min/1.73 m2 lower per year older. Mean GFR indexed for body surface area was not different between blacks versus whites (mean difference, 2.94 [95% CI, −1.37 to 7.26] mL/min/1.73 m2), but was lower in women than men (mean difference, −9.34 [95% CI, −13.53 to −5.15] mL/min/1.73 m2); this difference persisted and remained significant after adjustment for demographics, clinical characteristics, and measures of body size. The difference between men and women, but not between blacks and whites, was substantially greater when GFR was not indexed for body surface area. ACR was higher in older versus younger participants (mean difference, 3.2% [95% CI, 1.5%-4.8%] per year), but geometric mean ratio of ACR did not differ between blacks versus whites (mean difference, 19.7%; 95% CI, −39.1% to 6.1%) or between men versus women (mean difference, −4.4%; 95% CI, −27.7% to 26.3%). Limitations This is a study of survivors. People who agreed to participate were younger than those who refused. Conclusions In this first community-based study that included blacks and whites, no differences in measured GFR between races were found, suggesting that other factors must account for the disproportionately higher burden of kidney failure in older blacks versus whites.
KW - GFR decline trajectory
KW - Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
KW - albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR)
KW - albuminuria
KW - body size
KW - chronic kidney disease (CKD)
KW - ethnicity
KW - health disparities
KW - iohexol
KW - measured GFR
KW - race
KW - racial differences
KW - renal function
KW - sex
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U2 - 10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.06.021
DO - 10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.06.021
M3 - Article
C2 - 27555103
AN - SCOPUS:84994851709
SN - 0272-6386
VL - 68
SP - 743
EP - 751
JO - American Journal of Kidney Diseases
JF - American Journal of Kidney Diseases
IS - 5
ER -