TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of environmental factors on child survival in Bangladesh
T2 - A case control study
AU - Hoque, B. A.
AU - Chakraborty, J.
AU - Chowdhury, J. T.A.
AU - Chowdhury, U. K.
AU - Ali, M.
AU - El Arifeen, S.
AU - Sack, R. B.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B). ICDDR,B is supported by countries and agencies which share its concern for the health problems of developing countries. Current donors include: the aid agencies of the governments of Australia, Bangladesh, Belgium, Canada, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States; international organizations, including Arab Gulf Fund, European Union, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the World Health Organization (WHO); private foundations including Aga Khan Foundation, Child Health Foundation (CHF), Ford Foundation, Population Council, Rockefeller Foundation, Thrasher Research Foundation, and the George Mason Foundation; and private organizations, including East-West Center, Helen Keller International, International Atomic Energy Agenc y, International Centre for Research on Women, International Development Research Centre, International Life Sciences Institute, Karolinska Institute, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Lederle Praxis, National Institutes of Health (NIH), New England Medical Center, Procter & Gamble, RAND Corporation, Social Development Center of Philippines, Swiss Red Cross, the Johns Hopkins University, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, the University of Iowa, University of Göteborg, UCB Osmotic s Ltd., Wander A.G., and others.
PY - 1999/3
Y1 - 1999/3
N2 - The need for further studies on relationships between deaths and environmental variables has been reported in the literature. This case-control study was, therefore, carried out to find out the associations between several social and environmental variables and deaths of children due to infectious diseases such as those leading to diarrhoea, acute respiratory infection, measles and other diseases. Six hundred and twenty-five deaths (cases) and an equal number of marched living children (controls) aged 1-59 months, were studied in rural Matlab. An analysis of crude and adjusted odds ratio showed differential associations. Sources of drinking water, amount of stored water, conditions of latrines, number of persons sleeping with the child and the type of cooking site were statistically significantly associated with deaths due to infectious diseases after controlling for breast feeding, immunization, and the family size. Significant associations were also observed between: (i) the sources of drinking water and deaths due to ARI, and (ii) conditions of latrines and deaths due to diarrhoeal diseases, after controlling for the confounding variables. Several other environmental factors also showed associations with these various death groups, but they were not statistically significant. The size of the samples in death groups (small) and the prevalence of more or less homogeneous environmental health conditions probably diminished the magnitude of the effects. The results of the study reconfirm the importance of environmental health intervention in child survival, irrespective of breast-feeding, immunization, and selected social variables.
AB - The need for further studies on relationships between deaths and environmental variables has been reported in the literature. This case-control study was, therefore, carried out to find out the associations between several social and environmental variables and deaths of children due to infectious diseases such as those leading to diarrhoea, acute respiratory infection, measles and other diseases. Six hundred and twenty-five deaths (cases) and an equal number of marched living children (controls) aged 1-59 months, were studied in rural Matlab. An analysis of crude and adjusted odds ratio showed differential associations. Sources of drinking water, amount of stored water, conditions of latrines, number of persons sleeping with the child and the type of cooking site were statistically significantly associated with deaths due to infectious diseases after controlling for breast feeding, immunization, and the family size. Significant associations were also observed between: (i) the sources of drinking water and deaths due to ARI, and (ii) conditions of latrines and deaths due to diarrhoeal diseases, after controlling for the confounding variables. Several other environmental factors also showed associations with these various death groups, but they were not statistically significant. The size of the samples in death groups (small) and the prevalence of more or less homogeneous environmental health conditions probably diminished the magnitude of the effects. The results of the study reconfirm the importance of environmental health intervention in child survival, irrespective of breast-feeding, immunization, and selected social variables.
KW - Bangladesh
KW - Diarrhoeal disease
KW - Environmental health
KW - Infant mortality
KW - Infectious disease
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U2 - 10.1016/S0033-3506(99)00119-5
DO - 10.1016/S0033-3506(99)00119-5
M3 - Article
C2 - 10355303
AN - SCOPUS:0032956518
SN - 0033-3506
VL - 113
SP - 57
EP - 64
JO - Public Health
JF - Public Health
IS - 2
ER -