TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of cigarette smoking on lung function in adolescent boys and girls
AU - Gold, Diane R.
AU - Wang, Xiaobin
AU - Wypij, David
AU - Speizer, Frank E.
AU - Ware, James H.
AU - Dockery, Douglas W.
PY - 1996/9/26
Y1 - 1996/9/26
N2 - Background: Little is known about the sex-specific effects of cigarette smoking on the level and growth of lung function in adolescence, when 71 percent of people in the United States who smoke tried their first cigarette. Methods: We studied the effects of cigarette smoking on the level and rate of growth of pulmonary function in a cohort of 5158 boys and 4902 girls 10 to 18 years of age, examined annually between 1974 and 1989 in six cities in the United States. Results: We found a dose-response relation between smoking and lower levels of both the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) and the forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75 percent of FVC (FEF25 -75). Each pack per day of smoking was associated with a 3.2 percent reduction in FEF25-75 for girls (P=0.01) and a 3.5 percent reduction in FEF25-75 for boys (P=0.007). Whereas the FVC level was elevated in smokers, the rate of growth of FVC and FEV1, was reduced. Among adolescents of the same sex, smoking five or more cigarettes a day, as compared with never smoking, was associated with 1.09 percent slower growth of FEV1 per year in girls (95 percent confidence interval, 0.70 to 1.47 percent) and 0.20 percent slower growth in boys (95 percent confidence interval, -0.16 to 0.56 percent), and with 1.25 percent slower growth of FEF25-75 per year in girls (95 percent confidence interval, 0.38 to 2.13 percent) and 0.93 percent slower growth in boys (95 percent confidence interval, 0.21 to 1.65 percent). Whereas girls who did not smoke reached a plateau in lung function at 17 to 18 years of age, girls of the same age who smoked had a decline of FEV1 and FEF25-75. Conclusions: Cigarette smoking is associated with evidence of mild airway obstruction and slowed growth of lung function in adolescents. Adolescent girls may be more vulnerable than boys to the effects of smoking on the growth of lung function.
AB - Background: Little is known about the sex-specific effects of cigarette smoking on the level and growth of lung function in adolescence, when 71 percent of people in the United States who smoke tried their first cigarette. Methods: We studied the effects of cigarette smoking on the level and rate of growth of pulmonary function in a cohort of 5158 boys and 4902 girls 10 to 18 years of age, examined annually between 1974 and 1989 in six cities in the United States. Results: We found a dose-response relation between smoking and lower levels of both the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) and the forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75 percent of FVC (FEF25 -75). Each pack per day of smoking was associated with a 3.2 percent reduction in FEF25-75 for girls (P=0.01) and a 3.5 percent reduction in FEF25-75 for boys (P=0.007). Whereas the FVC level was elevated in smokers, the rate of growth of FVC and FEV1, was reduced. Among adolescents of the same sex, smoking five or more cigarettes a day, as compared with never smoking, was associated with 1.09 percent slower growth of FEV1 per year in girls (95 percent confidence interval, 0.70 to 1.47 percent) and 0.20 percent slower growth in boys (95 percent confidence interval, -0.16 to 0.56 percent), and with 1.25 percent slower growth of FEF25-75 per year in girls (95 percent confidence interval, 0.38 to 2.13 percent) and 0.93 percent slower growth in boys (95 percent confidence interval, 0.21 to 1.65 percent). Whereas girls who did not smoke reached a plateau in lung function at 17 to 18 years of age, girls of the same age who smoked had a decline of FEV1 and FEF25-75. Conclusions: Cigarette smoking is associated with evidence of mild airway obstruction and slowed growth of lung function in adolescents. Adolescent girls may be more vulnerable than boys to the effects of smoking on the growth of lung function.
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U2 - 10.1056/NEJM199609263351304
DO - 10.1056/NEJM199609263351304
M3 - Article
C2 - 8782500
AN - SCOPUS:0029790755
VL - 335
SP - 931
EP - 937
JO - New England Journal of Medicine
JF - New England Journal of Medicine
SN - 0028-4793
IS - 13
ER -