TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of adolescent treatment with nicotine, harmane, or norharmane in male Sprague-Dawley rats
AU - Goodwin, Amy K.
AU - Lantz-McPeak, Susan M.
AU - Robinson, Bonnie L.
AU - Law, C. Delbert
AU - Ali, Syed F.
AU - Ferguson, Sherry A.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration [Protocol # E7452 to S.F.A.]. The authors are grateful for the technical expertise provided by the animal care staff of the Priority One Corporation.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 .
PY - 2015/1/1
Y1 - 2015/1/1
N2 - The initiation of tobacco use occurs most often in adolescence and may be especially detrimental as the adolescent brain is undergoing substantial development. In addition to nicotine, there are over 9000 other compounds present in tobacco products, including the β-carbolines harmane and norharmane. The present study aimed to determine the long-term effects of adolescent exposure to nicotine (NIC), harmane (HAR), or norharmane (NOR) on locomotor activity, learning and memory, anxiety-like behavior, motor coordination, and monoamine/metabolite concentrations in the striatum and nucleus accumbens of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Beginning on postnatal day (PND) 27 and continuing through PND 55, subjects received twice daily intraperitoneal injections of 1. ml/kg saline (CON), 0.5. mg NIC/kg, 0.5. mg HAR/kg, or 0.5. mg NOR/kg. Body weight, food, and water intake were measured daily (PNDs 27-96). Locomotor activity was assessed on PND 40 or 41, PND 55, and PNDs 81 and 82. Other behaviors (anxiety-like behavior, motor coordination, and spatial learning and memory) were assessed at least 25. days after drug exposure ended (PNDs 80-91). On PND 97, subjects were decapitated and the striatum and nucleus accumbens were dissected and frozen for analysis. NIC treatment significantly decreased food intake, but did not alter locomotor activity during or after treatment. HAR and NOR treatment, however, caused significant open field hypoactivity. Motor coordination, water maze performance, and concentrations of monoamines and metabolites in the striatum and nucleus accumbens were unaltered by any drug treatment. These results indicate a long-lasting effect on activity levels from adolescent HAR or NOR treatment; however, there were few long-lasting NIC effects. Given the paucity of data describing effects of HAR or NOR exposure, these data should encourage additional studies of these tobacco constituents as well as constituent combination studies.
AB - The initiation of tobacco use occurs most often in adolescence and may be especially detrimental as the adolescent brain is undergoing substantial development. In addition to nicotine, there are over 9000 other compounds present in tobacco products, including the β-carbolines harmane and norharmane. The present study aimed to determine the long-term effects of adolescent exposure to nicotine (NIC), harmane (HAR), or norharmane (NOR) on locomotor activity, learning and memory, anxiety-like behavior, motor coordination, and monoamine/metabolite concentrations in the striatum and nucleus accumbens of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Beginning on postnatal day (PND) 27 and continuing through PND 55, subjects received twice daily intraperitoneal injections of 1. ml/kg saline (CON), 0.5. mg NIC/kg, 0.5. mg HAR/kg, or 0.5. mg NOR/kg. Body weight, food, and water intake were measured daily (PNDs 27-96). Locomotor activity was assessed on PND 40 or 41, PND 55, and PNDs 81 and 82. Other behaviors (anxiety-like behavior, motor coordination, and spatial learning and memory) were assessed at least 25. days after drug exposure ended (PNDs 80-91). On PND 97, subjects were decapitated and the striatum and nucleus accumbens were dissected and frozen for analysis. NIC treatment significantly decreased food intake, but did not alter locomotor activity during or after treatment. HAR and NOR treatment, however, caused significant open field hypoactivity. Motor coordination, water maze performance, and concentrations of monoamines and metabolites in the striatum and nucleus accumbens were unaltered by any drug treatment. These results indicate a long-lasting effect on activity levels from adolescent HAR or NOR treatment; however, there were few long-lasting NIC effects. Given the paucity of data describing effects of HAR or NOR exposure, these data should encourage additional studies of these tobacco constituents as well as constituent combination studies.
KW - Adolescence
KW - Behavior
KW - Harmane
KW - Nicotine
KW - Norharmane
KW - Rat
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84912076927&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84912076927&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ntt.2014.10.005
DO - 10.1016/j.ntt.2014.10.005
M3 - Article
C2 - 25450662
AN - SCOPUS:84912076927
SN - 0892-0362
VL - 47
SP - 25
EP - 35
JO - Neurotoxicology and Teratology
JF - Neurotoxicology and Teratology
ER -