TY - JOUR
T1 - Effectiveness of strategies to improve health-care provider practices in low-income and middle-income countries
T2 - a systematic review
AU - Rowe, Alexander K.
AU - Rowe, Samantha Y.
AU - Peters, David H.
AU - Holloway, Kathleen A.
AU - Chalker, John
AU - Ross-Degnan, Dennis
N1 - Funding Information:
This systematic review was supported by funding from the CDC Foundation through a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (grant OPP52730), and from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and a World Bank–Netherlands Partnership Program Grant (project number P098685). The findings and conclusions presented in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the CDC and the CDC Foundation. We are grateful for the excellent assistance from the data abstractors from the update of the review (Sushama Acharya, Gordon Akudibillah, Stacy Harmon, Mbabazi Kariisa, Sonia Menon, and Scholastique Nikuze), as well as the data abstractors from the original phase of the review. We also thank the librarians, statistical advisers, and data managers who worked on this review; the responses that hundreds of authors provided to our questions about their studies; and the thoughtful suggestions provided by those who attended meetings in which preliminary results were presented from 2012 to 2014: in Beijing, at the Second Global Symposium on Health Systems Research; in London, at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; in Geneva, at WHO; in Sweden, at the Karolinska Institute; and in Oslo, at the Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services. This Article is based on information in the HCPPR, a joint programme of the CDC, Harvard Medical School, WHO, Management Sciences for Health, Johns Hopkins University, and the CDC Foundation.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
PY - 2018/11
Y1 - 2018/11
N2 - Background: Inadequate health-care provider performance is a major challenge to the delivery of high-quality health care in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). The Health Care Provider Performance Review (HCPPR) is a comprehensive systematic review of strategies to improve health-care provider performance in LMICs. Methods: For this systematic review we searched 52 electronic databases for published studies and 58 document inventories for unpublished studies from the 1960s to 2016. Eligible study designs were controlled trials and interrupted time series. We only included strategy-versus-control group comparisons. We present results of improving health-care provider practice outcomes expressed as percentages (eg, percentage of patients treated correctly) or as continuous measures (eg, number of medicines prescribed per patient). Effect sizes were calculated as absolute percentage-point changes. The summary measure for each comparison was the median effect size (MES) for all primary outcomes. Strategy effectiveness was described with weighted medians of MES. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016046154. Findings: We screened 216 477 citations and selected 670 reports from 337 studies of 118 strategies. Most strategies had multiple intervention components. For professional health-care providers (generally, facility-based health workers), the effects were near zero for only implementing a technology-based strategy (median MES 1·0 percentage points, IQR −2·8 to 9·9) or only providing printed information for health-care providers (1·4 percentage points, −4·8 to 6·2). For percentage outcomes, training or supervision alone typically had moderate effects (10·3–15·9 percentage points), whereas combining training and supervision had somewhat larger effects than use of either strategy alone (18·0–18·8 percentage points). Group problem solving alone showed large improvements in percentage outcomes (28·0–37·5 percentage points), but, when the strategy definition was broadened to include group problem solving alone or other strategy components, moderate effects were more typical (12·1 percentage points). Several multifaceted strategies had large effects, but multifaceted strategies were not always more effective than simpler ones. For lay health-care providers (generally, community health workers), the effect of training alone was small (2·4 percentage points). Strategies with larger effect sizes included community support plus health-care provider training (8·2–125·0 percentage points). Contextual and methodological heterogeneity made comparisons difficult, and most strategies had low quality evidence. Interpretation: The impact of strategies to improve health-care provider practices varied substantially, although some approaches were more consistently effective than others. The breadth of the HCPPR makes its results valuable to decision makers for informing the selection of strategies to improve health-care provider practices in LMICs. These results also emphasise the need for researchers to use better methods to study the effectiveness of interventions. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, CDC Foundation.
AB - Background: Inadequate health-care provider performance is a major challenge to the delivery of high-quality health care in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). The Health Care Provider Performance Review (HCPPR) is a comprehensive systematic review of strategies to improve health-care provider performance in LMICs. Methods: For this systematic review we searched 52 electronic databases for published studies and 58 document inventories for unpublished studies from the 1960s to 2016. Eligible study designs were controlled trials and interrupted time series. We only included strategy-versus-control group comparisons. We present results of improving health-care provider practice outcomes expressed as percentages (eg, percentage of patients treated correctly) or as continuous measures (eg, number of medicines prescribed per patient). Effect sizes were calculated as absolute percentage-point changes. The summary measure for each comparison was the median effect size (MES) for all primary outcomes. Strategy effectiveness was described with weighted medians of MES. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016046154. Findings: We screened 216 477 citations and selected 670 reports from 337 studies of 118 strategies. Most strategies had multiple intervention components. For professional health-care providers (generally, facility-based health workers), the effects were near zero for only implementing a technology-based strategy (median MES 1·0 percentage points, IQR −2·8 to 9·9) or only providing printed information for health-care providers (1·4 percentage points, −4·8 to 6·2). For percentage outcomes, training or supervision alone typically had moderate effects (10·3–15·9 percentage points), whereas combining training and supervision had somewhat larger effects than use of either strategy alone (18·0–18·8 percentage points). Group problem solving alone showed large improvements in percentage outcomes (28·0–37·5 percentage points), but, when the strategy definition was broadened to include group problem solving alone or other strategy components, moderate effects were more typical (12·1 percentage points). Several multifaceted strategies had large effects, but multifaceted strategies were not always more effective than simpler ones. For lay health-care providers (generally, community health workers), the effect of training alone was small (2·4 percentage points). Strategies with larger effect sizes included community support plus health-care provider training (8·2–125·0 percentage points). Contextual and methodological heterogeneity made comparisons difficult, and most strategies had low quality evidence. Interpretation: The impact of strategies to improve health-care provider practices varied substantially, although some approaches were more consistently effective than others. The breadth of the HCPPR makes its results valuable to decision makers for informing the selection of strategies to improve health-care provider practices in LMICs. These results also emphasise the need for researchers to use better methods to study the effectiveness of interventions. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, CDC Foundation.
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U2 - 10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30398-X
DO - 10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30398-X
M3 - Article
C2 - 30309799
AN - SCOPUS:85055077112
SN - 2214-109X
VL - 6
SP - e1163-e1175
JO - The Lancet Global Health
JF - The Lancet Global Health
IS - 11
ER -