TY - JOUR
T1 - Effective refractive error coverage in adults aged 50 years and older
T2 - estimates from population-based surveys in 61 countries
AU - Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study
AU - The RAAB International Co-Author Group
AU - Bourne, Rupert Richard Alexander
AU - Cicinelli, Maria Vittoria
AU - Sedighi, Tabassom
AU - Tapply, Ian H.
AU - McCormick, Ian
AU - Jonas, Jost B.
AU - Congdon, Nathan G.
AU - Ramke, Jacqueline
AU - Naidoo, Kovin S.
AU - Fricke, Timothy R.
AU - Burton, Matthew J.
AU - Müller, Andreas
AU - Bikbov, Mukharram M.
AU - Furtado, João M.
AU - Kyari, Fatima
AU - He, Mingguang
AU - Wang, Ya Xing
AU - Vijaya, Lingam
AU - Nangia, Vinay
AU - Brian, Garry
AU - Emamian, Mohammad Hassan
AU - Fotouhi, Akbar
AU - Hashemi, Hassan
AU - Khandekar, Rajiv B.
AU - Marmamula, Srinivas
AU - Salomão, Solange
AU - George, Ronnie
AU - Kazakbaeva, Gyulli
AU - Braithwaite, Tasanee
AU - Casson, Robert J.
AU - Iwase, Aiko
AU - Gupta, Noopur
AU - Abdianwall, Mohammad H.
AU - Varma, Rohit
AU - Wong, Tien Y.
AU - Wang, Ningli
AU - Taylor, Hugh R.
AU - Flaxman, Seth R.
AU - Keel, Stuart
AU - Resnikoff, Serge
AU - Bron, Alain
AU - Cheng, Ching Yu
AU - Fernandes, Arthur
AU - Friedman, David
AU - Gazzard, Andrew
AU - Kahloun, Rim
AU - Kempen, John
AU - Ramulu, Pradeep
AU - Robin, Alan
AU - West, Sheila
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
PY - 2022/12
Y1 - 2022/12
N2 - Background: In 2021, WHO Member States endorsed a global target of a 40-percentage-point increase in effective refractive error coverage (eREC; with a 6/12 visual acuity threshold) by 2030. This study models global and regional estimates of eREC as a baseline for the WHO initiative. Methods: The Vision Loss Expert Group analysed data from 565 448 participants of 169 population-based eye surveys conducted since 2000 to calculate eREC (met need/[met need + undermet need + unmet need]). A binary logistic regression model was used to estimate eREC by Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study super region among adults aged 50 years and older. Findings: In 2021, distance eREC was 79·1% (95% CI 72·4–85·0) in the high-income super region; 62·1% (54·7–68·8) in north Africa and Middle East; 49·5% (45·0–54·0) in central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia; 40·0% (31·7–48·2) in southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania; 34·5% (29·4–40·0) in Latin America and the Caribbean; 9·0% (6·5–12·0) in south Asia; and 5·7% (3·1–9·0) in sub-Saharan Africa. eREC was higher in men and reduced with increasing age. Global distance eREC increased from 2000 to 2021 by 19·0%. Global near vision eREC for 2021 was 20·5% (95% CI 17·8–24·4). Interpretation: Over the past 20 years, distance eREC has increased in each super region yet the WHO target will require substantial improvements in quantity and quality of refractive services in particular for near vision impairment. Funding: WHO, Sightsavers, The Fred Hollows Foundation, Fondation Thea, Brien Holden Vision Institute, Lions Clubs International Foundation.
AB - Background: In 2021, WHO Member States endorsed a global target of a 40-percentage-point increase in effective refractive error coverage (eREC; with a 6/12 visual acuity threshold) by 2030. This study models global and regional estimates of eREC as a baseline for the WHO initiative. Methods: The Vision Loss Expert Group analysed data from 565 448 participants of 169 population-based eye surveys conducted since 2000 to calculate eREC (met need/[met need + undermet need + unmet need]). A binary logistic regression model was used to estimate eREC by Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study super region among adults aged 50 years and older. Findings: In 2021, distance eREC was 79·1% (95% CI 72·4–85·0) in the high-income super region; 62·1% (54·7–68·8) in north Africa and Middle East; 49·5% (45·0–54·0) in central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia; 40·0% (31·7–48·2) in southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania; 34·5% (29·4–40·0) in Latin America and the Caribbean; 9·0% (6·5–12·0) in south Asia; and 5·7% (3·1–9·0) in sub-Saharan Africa. eREC was higher in men and reduced with increasing age. Global distance eREC increased from 2000 to 2021 by 19·0%. Global near vision eREC for 2021 was 20·5% (95% CI 17·8–24·4). Interpretation: Over the past 20 years, distance eREC has increased in each super region yet the WHO target will require substantial improvements in quantity and quality of refractive services in particular for near vision impairment. Funding: WHO, Sightsavers, The Fred Hollows Foundation, Fondation Thea, Brien Holden Vision Institute, Lions Clubs International Foundation.
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U2 - 10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00433-8
DO - 10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00433-8
M3 - Article
C2 - 36240807
AN - SCOPUS:85140998213
SN - 2214-109X
VL - 10
SP - e1754-e1763
JO - The Lancet Global Health
JF - The Lancet Global Health
IS - 12
ER -