TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of tobacco smoking on the clinical, histopathological, and serological manifestations of sjögren's syndrome
AU - Stone, Donald U.
AU - Fife, Dustin
AU - Brown, Michael
AU - Earley, Keith E.
AU - Radfar, Lida
AU - Kaufman, C. Erick
AU - Lewis, David M.
AU - Rhodus, Nelson L.
AU - Segal, Barbara M.
AU - Wallace, Daniel J.
AU - Weisman, Michael H.
AU - Venuturupalli, Swamy
AU - Brennan, Michael T.
AU - Lessard, Christopher J.
AU - Montgomery, Courtney G.
AU - Scofield, R. Hal
AU - Sivils, Kathy L.
AU - Rasmussen, Astrid
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Stone et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
PY - 2017/2/1
Y1 - 2017/2/1
N2 - Objectives To assess the association of smoking habits with the clinical, serological, and histopathological manifestations of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and non-Sjögren's sicca (non-SS sicca). Methods Cross-sectional case-control study of 1288 patients with sicca symptoms (587 SS and 701 non-SS sicca) evaluated in a multi-disciplinary research clinic. Smoking patterns were obtained from questionnaire data and disease-related clinical and laboratory data were compared between current, past, ever, and never smokers. Results Current smoking rates were 4.6% for SS patients compared to 14.1% in non-SS sicca (p = 5.17x10E-09), 18% in a local lupus cohort (p = 1.13x10E-14) and 16.8% in the community (p = 4.12x10E-15). Current smoking was protective against SS classification (OR 0.35, 95%CI 0.22±0.56, FDR q = 1.9E10-05), focal lymphocytic sialadenitis (OR 0.26, 95%CI 0.15±0.44, FDR q = 1.52x10E-06), focus score ≥1 (OR 0.22, 95%CI 0.13±0.39, FDR q = 1.43x10E-07), and anti-Ro/SSA(+) (OR 0.36, 95%CI 0.2±0.64, FDR q = 0.0009); ever smoking was protective against the same features and against anti-La/SSB(+) (OR 0.52, 95%CI 0.39±0.70, FDR q = 5.82x10E-05). Duration of smoking was inversely correlated with SS even after controlling for socioeconomic status, BMI, alcohol and caffeine consumption. Conclusions Current tobacco smoking is negatively and independently associated with SS, protecting against disease-associated humoral and cellular autoimmunity. The overall smoking rate amongst SS patients is significantly lower than in matched populations and the effects of smoking are proportional to exposure duration. In spite of the protective effects of tobacco on SS manifestations, it is associated with other serious comorbidities such as lung disease, cardiovascular risk and malignancy, and should thus be strongly discouraged in patients with sicca.
AB - Objectives To assess the association of smoking habits with the clinical, serological, and histopathological manifestations of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and non-Sjögren's sicca (non-SS sicca). Methods Cross-sectional case-control study of 1288 patients with sicca symptoms (587 SS and 701 non-SS sicca) evaluated in a multi-disciplinary research clinic. Smoking patterns were obtained from questionnaire data and disease-related clinical and laboratory data were compared between current, past, ever, and never smokers. Results Current smoking rates were 4.6% for SS patients compared to 14.1% in non-SS sicca (p = 5.17x10E-09), 18% in a local lupus cohort (p = 1.13x10E-14) and 16.8% in the community (p = 4.12x10E-15). Current smoking was protective against SS classification (OR 0.35, 95%CI 0.22±0.56, FDR q = 1.9E10-05), focal lymphocytic sialadenitis (OR 0.26, 95%CI 0.15±0.44, FDR q = 1.52x10E-06), focus score ≥1 (OR 0.22, 95%CI 0.13±0.39, FDR q = 1.43x10E-07), and anti-Ro/SSA(+) (OR 0.36, 95%CI 0.2±0.64, FDR q = 0.0009); ever smoking was protective against the same features and against anti-La/SSB(+) (OR 0.52, 95%CI 0.39±0.70, FDR q = 5.82x10E-05). Duration of smoking was inversely correlated with SS even after controlling for socioeconomic status, BMI, alcohol and caffeine consumption. Conclusions Current tobacco smoking is negatively and independently associated with SS, protecting against disease-associated humoral and cellular autoimmunity. The overall smoking rate amongst SS patients is significantly lower than in matched populations and the effects of smoking are proportional to exposure duration. In spite of the protective effects of tobacco on SS manifestations, it is associated with other serious comorbidities such as lung disease, cardiovascular risk and malignancy, and should thus be strongly discouraged in patients with sicca.
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U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0170249
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0170249
M3 - Article
C2 - 28166540
AN - SCOPUS:85028288777
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 12
JO - PloS one
JF - PloS one
IS - 2
M1 - e0170249
ER -