@article{9f3ec7c3cb4d444a93a3f9f614438eb6,
title = "Economic Impact of Human Papillomavirus-Associated Head and Neck Cancers in the United States",
abstract = "Cases of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated head and neck cancers are rapidly increasing in the United States. Little is known about the economic burden of these cancers. A literature review identified 7 studies that characterized aspects of the overall economic burden of HPV-associated head and neck cancers in the United States. Other cost studies are detailed to highlight the clinical reality in treating these patients. As the clinical awareness of the role of HPV in head and neck cancers continues, the economic impact of cancers caused by this virus will have implications for the role of various preventive measures.",
keywords = "Cost, Economic evaluation, Economics, Head and neck cancer, Human papillomavirus, Oropharyngeal cancer",
author = "Diarmuid Coughlan and Frick, {Kevin D.}",
note = "Funding Information: The inclusion criteria were that the report addressed the costs of HNC in the United States; patients were aged older than 18 years; the study was published in English; and the study was published between 2000 and November 2011. Exclusion criteria included non-US studies, no dollar amounts reported, and we excluded studies that concentrated on HNC subsites not associated with HPV. The initial search strategy was performed in PubMed. Searches of the following supplemental resources were then performed: Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, Cancerlit, the SEER program (from the National Cancer Institute online database), and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) proceedings (2000–2011). The economic databases searched included the following: Econlit, the Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) registry, Center for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD), NHS Economic Evaluation Database (EED), the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) proceedings (2000–2011), and the Society for Medical Decision Making (SMDM) proceedings (2000–2011). Other sources included www.clinicaltrials.gov and the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) registry. Comprehensive Internet searches using well-known search engines (eg, Google Scholar) were also conducted to assist in the search for published articles. To begin the search, the following broad Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and text-only search terms were used: “Head and neck neoplasms” (MeSH) AND “Economics” (MeSH) restricted to the English language, aged 19 years and older, and a publication date between 2000 and 2012. The initial search generated 253 references in PubMed. Other searches included combining key words, such as cost and cost analysis with human papillomavirus, oropharyngeal cancer, oral cancer, mouth cancer, and head and neck cancer. Abstracts were reviewed from each reference and any references thought to be relevant were retrieved in full text. Specifically, studies were retrieved in full text if they contained any cost information regarding the economic burden associated with the screening, diagnosis, or treatment of HPV-associated HNC. The electronic search was supplemented by a manual review of the bibliographies of review articles and original research articles that had been retrieved. We screened all full-text articles for final inclusion in the analysis and found 7 articles to be included of which 2 were abstracts from ISPOR conferences. The objective is to identify HNC costing studies reported in the United States. Outcomes of interest are associated cost-of-treatment estimates. Only original study design (reviews and hypothetical models excluded) with defined populations and economic end points were considered. Those publications that met these criteria were then reviewed carefully, and a systematic evaluation was made of the pertinent characteristics of the study (sample size, population), the cost analysis, and the findings. The costs provided in the article are the original data reported in the studies. ",
year = "2012",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1016/j.otc.2012.05.002",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "45",
pages = "899--917",
journal = "Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America",
issn = "0030-6665",
publisher = "W.B. Saunders Ltd",
number = "4",
}