Early pharmacological interventions in youth

Although well studied in adults, there is a relative dearth of clinical trials on the diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorders (BD) in pediatric populations. The prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorders in youth is approximately 1.8% according to a metaanalysis conducted by Van Meter and colleagues. There is also growing evidence that BD may begin during pre-adolescence. Pediatric BD is a chronic illness and if untreated can be seriously debilitating. It is also a risk factor for suicide. Studies indicate that across bipolar disorders, earlier age of onset is associated with greater severity of illness and negative outcomes in adulthood. Pharmacologic interventions may be an effective treatment of BD in pediatric populations. Although there are currently several medications with FDA-approved indications for use in youth, given the chronic and harmful impact of BD, rigorous research that may lead to the delay of onset or progression of pediatric bipolarity is greatly needed.