TY - JOUR
T1 - Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected adults and adolescents
T2 - A systematic review
AU - Anglemyer, Andrew
AU - Rutherford, George W.
AU - Easterbrook, Philippa J.
AU - Horvath, Tara
AU - Vitória, Marco
AU - Jan, Michael
AU - Doherty, Meg C.
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2014/3
Y1 - 2014/3
N2 - Objectives: The objective of this review was to update evidence on when to initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) to inform revision of the 2013 WHO guidelines for ART in low and middle-income countries. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: We comprehensively searched the published literature and conferences for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohorts. Outcomes were mortality, clinical progression, virologic failure, immunologic recover, and severe adverse events. We pooled data across studies and estimated summary effect sizes. We graded the quality of evidence from the literature for each outcome. Results: We identified 24 studies; 3 were RCTs. Studies found reduced risk of mortality [1 RCT: hazard ratio 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34-1.76; 13 cohorts: relative risk (RR) 0.66, 95% CI 0.55-0.79], progression to AIDS or death (2 RCTs: RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.26-0.91; 9 cohorts: RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.40-1.24) and diagnosis of a non-AIDSdefining illness (1 RCT: RR 0.14, 95% CI 0.03-0.64; 1 cohort: RR 0.47, 95% CI 0.23-0.98), and an increased risk of grade 3/4 laboratory abnormalities in patients initiating ART at at least 350 cells/ml (1 RCT: RR 1.49, 95% CI 1.25-1.77). The quality of evidence was low or very low for clinical outcomes due to few events and imprecision, and high for adverse events. Conclusions: Our findings contributed to the evidence base for the revised 2013 WHO guidelines on ART, which recommend initiating ART at CD4\+ T-cell counts of 350-500 cells/ml, but not above 500 cells/ml compared to initiating it later when CD4+ T-cell counts fall below 350 cells/ml.
AB - Objectives: The objective of this review was to update evidence on when to initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) to inform revision of the 2013 WHO guidelines for ART in low and middle-income countries. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: We comprehensively searched the published literature and conferences for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohorts. Outcomes were mortality, clinical progression, virologic failure, immunologic recover, and severe adverse events. We pooled data across studies and estimated summary effect sizes. We graded the quality of evidence from the literature for each outcome. Results: We identified 24 studies; 3 were RCTs. Studies found reduced risk of mortality [1 RCT: hazard ratio 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34-1.76; 13 cohorts: relative risk (RR) 0.66, 95% CI 0.55-0.79], progression to AIDS or death (2 RCTs: RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.26-0.91; 9 cohorts: RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.40-1.24) and diagnosis of a non-AIDSdefining illness (1 RCT: RR 0.14, 95% CI 0.03-0.64; 1 cohort: RR 0.47, 95% CI 0.23-0.98), and an increased risk of grade 3/4 laboratory abnormalities in patients initiating ART at at least 350 cells/ml (1 RCT: RR 1.49, 95% CI 1.25-1.77). The quality of evidence was low or very low for clinical outcomes due to few events and imprecision, and high for adverse events. Conclusions: Our findings contributed to the evidence base for the revised 2013 WHO guidelines on ART, which recommend initiating ART at CD4\+ T-cell counts of 350-500 cells/ml, but not above 500 cells/ml compared to initiating it later when CD4+ T-cell counts fall below 350 cells/ml.
KW - WHO
KW - adolescents
KW - adults
KW - antiretroviral therapy
KW - observational studies
KW - randomized controlled trial
KW - systematic review
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84901307096&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84901307096&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000232
DO - 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000232
M3 - Review article
C2 - 24849469
AN - SCOPUS:84901307096
SN - 0269-9370
VL - 28
SP - S105-S118
JO - AIDS
JF - AIDS
IS - SUPPL. 2
ER -