TY - JOUR
T1 - Dynamic sex chromosome expression in Drosophila male germ cells
AU - Mahadevaraju, Sharvani
AU - Fear, Justin M.
AU - Akeju, Miriam
AU - Galletta, Brian J.
AU - Pinheiro, Mara M.L.S.
AU - Avelino, Camila C.
AU - Cabral-de-Mello, Diogo C.
AU - Conlon, Katie
AU - Dell’Orso, Stafania
AU - Demere, Zelalem
AU - Mansuria, Kush
AU - Mendonça, Carolina A.
AU - Palacios-Gimenez, Octavio M.
AU - Ross, Eli
AU - Savery, Max
AU - Yu, Kevin
AU - Smith, Harold E.
AU - Sartorelli, Vittorio
AU - Yang, Haiwang
AU - Rusan, Nasser M.
AU - Vibranovski, Maria D.
AU - Matunis, Erika
AU - Oliver, Brian
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S.; foreign copyright protection may apply.
PY - 2021/12/1
Y1 - 2021/12/1
N2 - Given their copy number differences and unique modes of inheritance, the evolved gene content and expression of sex chromosomes is unusual. In many organisms the X and Y chromosomes are inactivated in spermatocytes, possibly as a defense mechanism against insertions into unpaired chromatin. In addition to current sex chromosomes, Drosophila has a small gene-poor X-chromosome relic (4th) that re-acquired autosomal status. Here we use single cell RNA-Seq on fly larvae to demonstrate that the single X and pair of 4th chromosomes are specifically inactivated in primary spermatocytes, based on measuring all genes or a set of broadly expressed genes in testis we identified. In contrast, genes on the single Y chromosome become maximally active in primary spermatocytes. Reduced X transcript levels are due to failed activation of RNA-Polymerase-II by phosphorylation of Serine 2 and 5.
AB - Given their copy number differences and unique modes of inheritance, the evolved gene content and expression of sex chromosomes is unusual. In many organisms the X and Y chromosomes are inactivated in spermatocytes, possibly as a defense mechanism against insertions into unpaired chromatin. In addition to current sex chromosomes, Drosophila has a small gene-poor X-chromosome relic (4th) that re-acquired autosomal status. Here we use single cell RNA-Seq on fly larvae to demonstrate that the single X and pair of 4th chromosomes are specifically inactivated in primary spermatocytes, based on measuring all genes or a set of broadly expressed genes in testis we identified. In contrast, genes on the single Y chromosome become maximally active in primary spermatocytes. Reduced X transcript levels are due to failed activation of RNA-Polymerase-II by phosphorylation of Serine 2 and 5.
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U2 - 10.1038/s41467-021-20897-y
DO - 10.1038/s41467-021-20897-y
M3 - Article
C2 - 33563972
AN - SCOPUS:85100732424
SN - 2041-1723
VL - 12
JO - Nature communications
JF - Nature communications
IS - 1
M1 - 892
ER -