Dynamic change of cognitive reserve: associations with changes in brain, cognition, and diagnosis

Brianne M. Bettcher; Alden L. Gross; Brandon E. Gavett; Keith F. Widaman; Evan Fletcher; N. Maritza Dowling; Rachel F. Buckley; Eider M. Arenaza-Urquijo; Laura B. Zahodne; Timothy J. Hohman; Jet M.J. Vonk; Dorene M. Rentz; Dan Mungas

doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.08.016

Dynamic change of cognitive reserve: associations with changes in brain, cognition, and diagnosis

Brianne M. Bettcher, Alden L. Gross, Brandon E. Gavett, Keith F. Widaman, Evan Fletcher, N. Maritza Dowling, Rachel F. Buckley, Eider M. Arenaza-Urquijo, Laura B. Zahodne, Timothy J. Hohman, Jet M.J. Vonk, Dorene M. Rentz, Dan Mungas

Bloomberg School of Public Health

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

8 Scopus citations

Abstract

Cognitive reserve is inherently a dynamic construct; however, traditional methods of estimating reserve have focused on static proxy variables. A recently proposed psychometric approach entails modeling reserve as residual cognition not explained by demographic and brain variables. In this study, we extended this approach to longitudinal measurement and examined how change in reserve relates to clinical outcomes in late life and influences the effect of brain atrophy on cognitive decline. Results indicated that cognitive reserve changes were associated with progression of clinical diagnosis. More rapid depletion of cognitive reserve was associated with faster decline in nonmemory cognitive functions, even after accounting for longitudinal brain atrophy. The effect of longitudinal brain atrophy on cognitive decline differed based on the extent to which an individual's reserve changed. Whereas depletion of reserve appeared to unmask the effects of brain atrophy on cognitive decline, maintenance of reserve buffered against the negative effects of brain atrophy. Study results highlight that changes in reserve may have important implications for individual differences in cognitive aging trajectories.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	95-104
Number of pages	10
Journal	Neurobiology of aging
Volume	83
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.08.016
State	Published - Nov 2019

Keywords

Aging
Cognitive decline
Cognitive reserve
Gray matter change
Hippocampus
MRI

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Neuroscience
Aging
Clinical Neurology
Developmental Biology
Geriatrics and Gerontology

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10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.08.016

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Bettcher, B. M., Gross, A. L., Gavett, B. E., Widaman, K. F., Fletcher, E., Dowling, N. M., Buckley, R. F., Arenaza-Urquijo, E. M., Zahodne, L. B., Hohman, T. J., Vonk, J. M. J., Rentz, D. M., & Mungas, D. (2019). Dynamic change of cognitive reserve: associations with changes in brain, cognition, and diagnosis. Neurobiology of aging, 83, 95-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.08.016

Bettcher, BM, Gross, AL, Gavett, BE, Widaman, KF, Fletcher, E, Dowling, NM, Buckley, RF, Arenaza-Urquijo, EM, Zahodne, LB, Hohman, TJ, Vonk, JMJ, Rentz, DM & Mungas, D 2019, 'Dynamic change of cognitive reserve: associations with changes in brain, cognition, and diagnosis', Neurobiology of aging, vol. 83, pp. 95-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.08.016

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title = "Dynamic change of cognitive reserve: associations with changes in brain, cognition, and diagnosis",

abstract = "Cognitive reserve is inherently a dynamic construct; however, traditional methods of estimating reserve have focused on static proxy variables. A recently proposed psychometric approach entails modeling reserve as residual cognition not explained by demographic and brain variables. In this study, we extended this approach to longitudinal measurement and examined how change in reserve relates to clinical outcomes in late life and influences the effect of brain atrophy on cognitive decline. Results indicated that cognitive reserve changes were associated with progression of clinical diagnosis. More rapid depletion of cognitive reserve was associated with faster decline in nonmemory cognitive functions, even after accounting for longitudinal brain atrophy. The effect of longitudinal brain atrophy on cognitive decline differed based on the extent to which an individual's reserve changed. Whereas depletion of reserve appeared to unmask the effects of brain atrophy on cognitive decline, maintenance of reserve buffered against the negative effects of brain atrophy. Study results highlight that changes in reserve may have important implications for individual differences in cognitive aging trajectories.",

keywords = "Aging, Cognitive decline, Cognitive reserve, Gray matter change, Hippocampus, MRI",

author = "Bettcher, {Brianne M.} and Gross, {Alden L.} and Gavett, {Brandon E.} and Widaman, {Keith F.} and Evan Fletcher and Dowling, {N. Maritza} and Buckley, {Rachel F.} and Arenaza-Urquijo, {Eider M.} and Zahodne, {Laura B.} and Hohman, {Timothy J.} and Vonk, {Jet M.J.} and Rentz, {Dorene M.} and Dan Mungas",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by multiple grants from the National Institute on Aging (P30 AG10129, R01 AG021028, and R01 AG047827, C DeCarli, PI; R01 AG10220, D Mungas, PI; R01/RF1 AG031563, B Reed/D Mungas, PI; R01 AG031252, S Tomaszewski Farias, PI; R01 AG051170, R Jones, PI; R01 AG058772, B. Bettcher, PI). None of the authors have financial or personal conflicts of interest related to this work. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 Elsevier Inc.",

year = "2019",

month = nov,

doi = "10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.08.016",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "83",

pages = "95--104",

journal = "Neurobiology of aging",

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T2 - associations with changes in brain, cognition, and diagnosis

AU - Bettcher, Brianne M.

AU - Gross, Alden L.

AU - Gavett, Brandon E.

AU - Widaman, Keith F.

AU - Fletcher, Evan

AU - Dowling, N. Maritza

AU - Buckley, Rachel F.

AU - Arenaza-Urquijo, Eider M.

AU - Zahodne, Laura B.

AU - Hohman, Timothy J.

AU - Vonk, Jet M.J.

AU - Rentz, Dorene M.

AU - Mungas, Dan

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by multiple grants from the National Institute on Aging (P30 AG10129, R01 AG021028, and R01 AG047827, C DeCarli, PI; R01 AG10220, D Mungas, PI; R01/RF1 AG031563, B Reed/D Mungas, PI; R01 AG031252, S Tomaszewski Farias, PI; R01 AG051170, R Jones, PI; R01 AG058772, B. Bettcher, PI). None of the authors have financial or personal conflicts of interest related to this work. Publisher Copyright: © 2019 Elsevier Inc.

PY - 2019/11

Y1 - 2019/11

N2 - Cognitive reserve is inherently a dynamic construct; however, traditional methods of estimating reserve have focused on static proxy variables. A recently proposed psychometric approach entails modeling reserve as residual cognition not explained by demographic and brain variables. In this study, we extended this approach to longitudinal measurement and examined how change in reserve relates to clinical outcomes in late life and influences the effect of brain atrophy on cognitive decline. Results indicated that cognitive reserve changes were associated with progression of clinical diagnosis. More rapid depletion of cognitive reserve was associated with faster decline in nonmemory cognitive functions, even after accounting for longitudinal brain atrophy. The effect of longitudinal brain atrophy on cognitive decline differed based on the extent to which an individual's reserve changed. Whereas depletion of reserve appeared to unmask the effects of brain atrophy on cognitive decline, maintenance of reserve buffered against the negative effects of brain atrophy. Study results highlight that changes in reserve may have important implications for individual differences in cognitive aging trajectories.

AB - Cognitive reserve is inherently a dynamic construct; however, traditional methods of estimating reserve have focused on static proxy variables. A recently proposed psychometric approach entails modeling reserve as residual cognition not explained by demographic and brain variables. In this study, we extended this approach to longitudinal measurement and examined how change in reserve relates to clinical outcomes in late life and influences the effect of brain atrophy on cognitive decline. Results indicated that cognitive reserve changes were associated with progression of clinical diagnosis. More rapid depletion of cognitive reserve was associated with faster decline in nonmemory cognitive functions, even after accounting for longitudinal brain atrophy. The effect of longitudinal brain atrophy on cognitive decline differed based on the extent to which an individual's reserve changed. Whereas depletion of reserve appeared to unmask the effects of brain atrophy on cognitive decline, maintenance of reserve buffered against the negative effects of brain atrophy. Study results highlight that changes in reserve may have important implications for individual differences in cognitive aging trajectories.

KW - Aging

KW - Cognitive decline

KW - Cognitive reserve

KW - Gray matter change

KW - Hippocampus

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ER -

Dynamic change of cognitive reserve: associations with changes in brain, cognition, and diagnosis

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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