@article{81fa713110d646a2a1f2a82b40676800,
title = "Dual HIV-1 infection associated with rapid disease progression",
abstract = "Infection with two strains of HIV-1 has implications for understanding HIV transmission and vaccine development; however, frequency and pathogenic consequences of dual infection are unknown. We assessed 64 patients for dual infection with heteroduplex mobility assay, viral sequencing, and phylogenetic methods. HIV disease outcomes were available in 34 patients. Five of these with AIDS endpoints had dual infection with HIV-1: four were cases of coinfection and one was superinfection. In all five, time from seroconversion to clinical AIDS or to CD4+ T-cell count less than 200 cells per μL was very rapid (<3.4 and <3.1 years, respectively). Our findings should prompt larger studies to assess the effect of dual infection at the population level.",
author = "Gottlieb, {Geoffrey S.} and Nickle, {David C.} and Jensen, {Mark A.} and Wong, {Kim G.} and Jandre Grobler and Fusheng Li and Liu, {Shan Lu} and Cecilia Rademeyer and Learn, {Gerald H.} and Karim, {Salim S.Abdool} and Carolyn Williamson and Lawrence Corey and Margolick, {Joseph B.} and Mullins, {James I.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Andy Westmark and Lakshmi Gaur for HLA typing; Gita Ramjee for coordinating the South African female sex worker cohort; Katie Davis for editorial assistance; and staff and clinicians in Seattle, WA, USA, South Africa, and the multicentre AIDS cohort study, and study participants. Presented in part at the 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Boston, MA, February, 2003: abstr 126. This work was supported by NIH grants AI47734, AI37984, AI35039, AI35040, AI35041, AI35042, RR0772, AI07140, AI49755, the University of Washington Center for AIDS Research, and the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative. The sponsors of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report.",
year = "2004",
month = feb,
day = "21",
doi = "10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15596-7",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "363",
pages = "619--622",
journal = "Lancet",
issn = "0140-6736",
publisher = "Elsevier Limited",
number = "9409",
}