TY - JOUR
T1 - Driving pressure and survival in the acute respiratory distress syndrome
AU - Amato, Marcelo B.P.
AU - Meade, Maureen O.
AU - Slutsky, Arthur S.
AU - Brochard, Laurent
AU - Costa, Eduardo L.V.
AU - Schoenfeld, David A.
AU - Stewart, Thomas E.
AU - Briel, Matthias
AU - Talmor, Daniel
AU - Mercat, Alain
AU - Richard, Jean Christophe M.
AU - Carvalho, Carlos R.R.
AU - Brower, Roy G.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Massachusetts Medical Society.
PY - 2014/2/19
Y1 - 2014/2/19
N2 - BACKGROUND: Mechanical-ventilation strategies that use lower end-inspiratory (plateau) airway pressures, lower tidal volumes (VT), and higher positive end-expiratory pressures (PEEPs) can improve survival in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but the relative importance of each of these components is uncertain. Because respiratory-system compliance (CRS) is strongly related to the volume of aerated remaining functional lung during disease (termed functional lung size), we hypothesized that driving pressure (ΔP = VT/RS), in which VT is intrinsically normalized to functional lung size (instead of predicted lung size in healthy persons), would be an index more strongly associated with survival than VT or PEEP in patients who are not actively breathing. METHODS: Using a statistical tool known as multilevel mediation analysis to analyze individual data from 3562 patients with ARDS enrolled in nine previously reported randomized trials, we examined ΔP as an independent variable associated with survival. in the mediation analysis, we estimated the isolated effects of changes in & Delta;P resulting from randomized ventilator settings while minimizing confounding due to the baseline severity of lung disease. RESULTS: Among ventilation variables, ΔP was most strongly associated with survival. A 1-SD increment in ΔP (approximately 7 cm of water) was associated with increased mortality (relative risk, 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31 to 1.51; P<0.001), even in patients receiving "protective" plateau pressures and VT (relative risk, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.58; P<0.001). Individual changes in VT or PEEP after randomization were not independently associated with survival; they were associated only if they were among the changes that led to reductions in & Delta; P (mediation effects of ΔP, P = 0.004 and P = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We found that ΔP was the ventilation variable that best stratified risk. Decreases in ΔP owing to changes in ventilator settings were strongly associated with increased survival.
AB - BACKGROUND: Mechanical-ventilation strategies that use lower end-inspiratory (plateau) airway pressures, lower tidal volumes (VT), and higher positive end-expiratory pressures (PEEPs) can improve survival in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but the relative importance of each of these components is uncertain. Because respiratory-system compliance (CRS) is strongly related to the volume of aerated remaining functional lung during disease (termed functional lung size), we hypothesized that driving pressure (ΔP = VT/RS), in which VT is intrinsically normalized to functional lung size (instead of predicted lung size in healthy persons), would be an index more strongly associated with survival than VT or PEEP in patients who are not actively breathing. METHODS: Using a statistical tool known as multilevel mediation analysis to analyze individual data from 3562 patients with ARDS enrolled in nine previously reported randomized trials, we examined ΔP as an independent variable associated with survival. in the mediation analysis, we estimated the isolated effects of changes in & Delta;P resulting from randomized ventilator settings while minimizing confounding due to the baseline severity of lung disease. RESULTS: Among ventilation variables, ΔP was most strongly associated with survival. A 1-SD increment in ΔP (approximately 7 cm of water) was associated with increased mortality (relative risk, 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31 to 1.51; P<0.001), even in patients receiving "protective" plateau pressures and VT (relative risk, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.58; P<0.001). Individual changes in VT or PEEP after randomization were not independently associated with survival; they were associated only if they were among the changes that led to reductions in & Delta; P (mediation effects of ΔP, P = 0.004 and P = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We found that ΔP was the ventilation variable that best stratified risk. Decreases in ΔP owing to changes in ventilator settings were strongly associated with increased survival.
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U2 - 10.1056/NEJMsa1410639
DO - 10.1056/NEJMsa1410639
M3 - Article
C2 - 25693014
AN - SCOPUS:84923013808
SN - 0028-4793
VL - 372
SP - 747
EP - 755
JO - New England Journal of Medicine
JF - New England Journal of Medicine
IS - 8
ER -