TY - JOUR
T1 - Double burden of malnutrition among women of reproductive age in 55 low- and middle-income countries
T2 - progress achieved and opportunities for meeting the global target
AU - Hasan, Md Mehedi
AU - Ahmed, Saifuddin
AU - Soares Magalhaes, Ricardo J.
AU - Fatima, Yaqoot
AU - Biswas, Tuhin
AU - Mamun, Abdullah A.
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgements This research is supported partially by the Australian Government through the Australian Research Council’s Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course (Project ID CE200100025). We thank the Demographic and Health Survey program for providing access to the data sets. We gratefully acknowledge the commitment of the Australian Government and the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, to their research efforts. To undertake the PhD degree, MMH is supported by the “Research Training Program” scholarship jointly funded by the Commonwealth Government of Australia and the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Funding Information:
This research is supported partially by the Australian Government through the Australian Research Council?s Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course (Project ID CE200100025). We thank the Demographic and Health Survey program for providing access to the data sets. We gratefully acknowledge the commitment of the Australian Government and the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, to their research efforts. To undertake the PhD degree, MMH is supported by the ?Research Training Program? scholarship jointly funded by the Commonwealth Government of Australia and the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
PY - 2022/2
Y1 - 2022/2
N2 - Objective: To examine trends and projections of underweight (Body Mass Index, BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) and overweight (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2) in women of reproductive age in 55 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: We used data from 2,337,855 women aged 15–49 years from nationally representative Demographic and Health Survey conducted between 1990 and 2018. Bayesian linear regression analyses were performed. Results: During 1990–2018, the prevalence of underweight decreased in 35 countries and overweight increased in 50 countries. The highest underweight increase was in Morocco (5.5%) and overweight in Nepal (12.4%). In 2030, >20% of women in eight LMICs will be underweight, with Madagascar (36.8%), Senegal (32.2%), and Burundi (29.2%) projected to experience the highest burden of underweight. Whereas >50% of women in 22 LMICs are projected to be overweight, with Egypt (94.7%), Jordan (75.0%), and Pakistan (74.1%) projected to have the highest burden of overweight. 24 LMICs are projected to experience the double burden of malnutrition (both underweight and overweight >20%) in 2030. Noticeable variations in underweight and overweight were observed across wealth, residence, education, and age of women, with a higher rate of overweight in high-income, high-education, and urban women. These inequalities have widened in many countries and are projected to continue. The probability of eradicating overweight and underweight is nearly 0% for all countries by 2030, except Egypt is on track to eradicate underweight. Conclusions: Although the prevalence of underweight declined, this decline has been superseded by the dramatic increase of overweight. None of the 55 LMICs is likely to eradicate malnutrition in women by 2030.
AB - Objective: To examine trends and projections of underweight (Body Mass Index, BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) and overweight (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2) in women of reproductive age in 55 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: We used data from 2,337,855 women aged 15–49 years from nationally representative Demographic and Health Survey conducted between 1990 and 2018. Bayesian linear regression analyses were performed. Results: During 1990–2018, the prevalence of underweight decreased in 35 countries and overweight increased in 50 countries. The highest underweight increase was in Morocco (5.5%) and overweight in Nepal (12.4%). In 2030, >20% of women in eight LMICs will be underweight, with Madagascar (36.8%), Senegal (32.2%), and Burundi (29.2%) projected to experience the highest burden of underweight. Whereas >50% of women in 22 LMICs are projected to be overweight, with Egypt (94.7%), Jordan (75.0%), and Pakistan (74.1%) projected to have the highest burden of overweight. 24 LMICs are projected to experience the double burden of malnutrition (both underweight and overweight >20%) in 2030. Noticeable variations in underweight and overweight were observed across wealth, residence, education, and age of women, with a higher rate of overweight in high-income, high-education, and urban women. These inequalities have widened in many countries and are projected to continue. The probability of eradicating overweight and underweight is nearly 0% for all countries by 2030, except Egypt is on track to eradicate underweight. Conclusions: Although the prevalence of underweight declined, this decline has been superseded by the dramatic increase of overweight. None of the 55 LMICs is likely to eradicate malnutrition in women by 2030.
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U2 - 10.1038/s41430-021-00945-y
DO - 10.1038/s41430-021-00945-y
M3 - Article
C2 - 34040202
AN - SCOPUS:85106529388
SN - 0954-3007
VL - 76
SP - 277
EP - 287
JO - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
JF - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
IS - 2
ER -