TY - JOUR
T1 - Does cognitive training improve internal locus of control among older adults?
AU - Wolinsky, Fredric D.
AU - Vander Weg, Mark W.
AU - Martin, René
AU - Unverzagt, Frederick W.
AU - Willis, Sherry L.
AU - Marsiske, Michael
AU - Rebok, George W.
AU - Morris, John N.
AU - Ball, Karlene K.
AU - Tennstedt, Sharon L.
N1 - Funding Information:
The ACTIVE cognitive training trial was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health to six field sites and the coordinating center, including the following: Hebrew Senior-Life, Boston (NR04507), the Indiana University School of Medicine (NR04508); the Johns Hopkins University (AG14260); the New England Research Institutes (AG14282); the Pennsylvania State University (AG14263); the University of Alabama at Birmingham (AG14289); and the University of Florida (AG014276). F.D.W. was Associate Director of and M.W.V.W and R.M. are Investigators at the Center for Research in the Implementation of Innovative Strategies in Practice at the Iowa City Veterans Administration Medical Center, which is funded through the Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Health Services Research and Development Service (HFP 04-149).
PY - 2010/9
Y1 - 2010/9
N2 - Objectives. We evaluated the effect of cognitive training among 1,534 participants in the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) randomized controlled trial (RCT) on 5-year improvements in 3 cognitive-specific measures of locus of control - internal, chance, and powerful others. Methods.ACTIVE was a multisite RCT (age ≥ 65), with 4 groups (memory, reasoning, speed of processing, and no-contact control). Complete 5-year follow-up data were available for 1,534 (55%) of the 2,802 participants. A propensity score model was used to adjust for potential attrition bias. Clinically important improvements (and decrements) in the cognitive-specific locus of control scale scores were defined as greater than or equal to 0.5 SD (medium) and greater than or equal to 1.0 SD (large). Multinomial logistic regression was used to simultaneously contrast those who improved and those who declined with those whose locus of control scale score was unchanged. Results.Statistically significant effects reflecting medium-sized (≥0.5 SD) improvements in internal locus of control between baseline and the 5-year follow-up were found for the reasoning and speed of processing intervention groups who were 76% (p <. 01) and 68% (p <. 05) more likely, respectively, to improve than the no-contact control group. No improvement effects were found on the chance or powerful others locus of control measures or for the memory intervention group. Conclusion.Cognitive training that targets reasoning and speed of processing can improve the cognitive-specific sense of personal control over one's life in older adults.
AB - Objectives. We evaluated the effect of cognitive training among 1,534 participants in the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) randomized controlled trial (RCT) on 5-year improvements in 3 cognitive-specific measures of locus of control - internal, chance, and powerful others. Methods.ACTIVE was a multisite RCT (age ≥ 65), with 4 groups (memory, reasoning, speed of processing, and no-contact control). Complete 5-year follow-up data were available for 1,534 (55%) of the 2,802 participants. A propensity score model was used to adjust for potential attrition bias. Clinically important improvements (and decrements) in the cognitive-specific locus of control scale scores were defined as greater than or equal to 0.5 SD (medium) and greater than or equal to 1.0 SD (large). Multinomial logistic regression was used to simultaneously contrast those who improved and those who declined with those whose locus of control scale score was unchanged. Results.Statistically significant effects reflecting medium-sized (≥0.5 SD) improvements in internal locus of control between baseline and the 5-year follow-up were found for the reasoning and speed of processing intervention groups who were 76% (p <. 01) and 68% (p <. 05) more likely, respectively, to improve than the no-contact control group. No improvement effects were found on the chance or powerful others locus of control measures or for the memory intervention group. Conclusion.Cognitive training that targets reasoning and speed of processing can improve the cognitive-specific sense of personal control over one's life in older adults.
KW - cognitive status
KW - personal control
KW - randomized controlled trial
KW - speed of processing
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U2 - 10.1093/geronb/gbp117
DO - 10.1093/geronb/gbp117
M3 - Article
C2 - 20008028
AN - SCOPUS:77955910327
SN - 1079-5014
VL - 65 B
SP - 591
EP - 598
JO - Journals of Gerontology - Series B Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences
JF - Journals of Gerontology - Series B Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences
IS - 5
ER -