@article{77f7aef406844d0cb938bbc59101ace2,
title = "Diversity and Function of Glial Cell Types in Multiple Sclerosis",
abstract = "Glial subtype diversity is an emerging topic in neurobiology and immune-mediated neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). We discuss recent conceptual and technological advances that allow a better understanding of the transcriptomic and functional heterogeneity of oligodendrocytes (OLs), astrocytes, and microglial cells under inflammatory–demyelinating conditions. Recent single cell transcriptomic studies suggest the occurrence of novel homeostatic and reactive glial subtypes and provide insight into the molecular events during disease progression. Multiplexed RNA in situ hybridization has enabled {\textquoteleft}mapping back{\textquoteright} dysregulated gene expression to glial subtypes within the MS lesion microenvironment. These findings suggest novel homeostatic and reactive glial-cell-type functions both in immune-related processes and neuroprotection relevant to understanding the pathology of MS.",
keywords = "astrocytes, microglia, multiple sclerosis, neuroinflammation, oligodendrocytes, transcriptomics",
author = "Lucas Schirmer and Schafer, {Dorothy P.} and Theresa Bartels and Rowitch, {David H.} and Calabresi, {Peter A.}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by intramural funding provided by the Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University (to L.S.), research grants from the Hertie Foundation (medMS MyLab, P1180016 to L.S.), the Wellcome Trust (D.H.R.), a Wellcome Trust PhD studentship (PSAG/097 to T.B.), the European Research Council ({\textquoteleft}DecOmPress{\textquoteright} ERC StG to L.S., and {\textquoteleft}Myel-IN-Crisis{\textquoteright} ERC AdG to D.H.R.), the Adelson Medical Research Foundation (D.P.S., D.H.R.), the National Multiple Sclerosis Society ( FG-1902-33617 to L.S., D.H.R. and RG-1907-34756 to P.A.C.), the German Research Foundation ( SCHI 1330/2-1 , to L.S.) and grants from the National Institutes of Health ( NS083513 to D.H.R., R37NS041435 to P.A.C., and R01MH113743 to D.P.S.), and the Department of Defense ( W81XWH191062 to P.A.C.). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier Ltd Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "2021",
month = mar,
doi = "10.1016/j.it.2021.01.005",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "42",
pages = "228--247",
journal = "Trends in Immunology",
issn = "1471-4906",
publisher = "Elsevier Limited",
number = "3",
}