TY - JOUR
T1 - Differences in inducibility of the latent HIV reservoir in perinatal and adult infection
AU - Dhummakupt, Adit
AU - Rubens, Jessica H.
AU - Anderson, Thuy
AU - Powell, Laura
AU - Nonyane, Bareng A.S.
AU - Siems, Lilly V.
AU - Collinson-Streng, Aleisha
AU - Nilles, Tricia
AU - Jones, R. Brad
AU - Tepper, Vicki
AU - Agwu, Allison
AU - Persaud, Deborah
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank the participants and their families for contributing to the research; Bonnie Addison and Gerard Quarles for recruitment of patients and acquisition of clinical data; and Joel Blankson for recruitment of adult patients for our study. IPDA on the perinatally infected participants' samples was performed by Accelevir Diagnostics. We also thank Joe Szewczyk and Ya Hui Chen for help with GAGLTR ddPCR and subtyping. This research was supported by the NIH (R01 HD080474 [to DP], PO1 AI131365 [to DP], U01 1U01AI135941, [to DP]), the BELIEVE Collaboratory (1UM1AI26617), EPIICAL (16108367), International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent Clinical Trials Laboratory Center (UM1AI106716), and the Johns Hopkins Center for AIDS Research (P30 AI094189). The following reagent was obtained through the AIDS Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH: ACH-2 cells from Thomas Folks (catalog 349).
Funding Information:
We thank the participants and their families for contributing to the research; Bonnie Addison and Gerard Quarles for recruitment of patients and acquisition of clinical data; and Joel Blankson for recruitment of adult patients for our study. IPDA on the perinatally infected participants’ samples was performed by Accele-vir Diagnostics. We also thank Joe Szewczyk and Ya Hui Chen for help with GAGLTR ddPCR and sub-typing. This research was supported by the NIH (R01 HD080474 [to DP], PO1 AI131365 [to DP], U01 1U01AI135941, [to DP]), the BELIEVE Collaboratory (1UM1AI26617), EPIICAL (16108367), International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent Clinical Trials Laboratory Center (UM1AI106716), and the Johns Hopkins Center for AIDS Research (P30 AI094189). The following reagent was obtained through the AIDS Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH: ACH-2 cells from Thomas Folks (catalog 349).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, American Society for Clinical Investigation.
PY - 2020/2/27
Y1 - 2020/2/27
N2 - The HIV latent reservoir in resting memory CD4+ T cells precludes cure. Therapeutics to reactivate and eliminate this reservoir are in clinical trials in adults, but not yet in pediatric populations. We determined, ex vivo, the inducibility of the latent reservoir in perinatal infection as compared with adult infections using the Tat/rev induced limiting dilution assay (TILDA), in which a single round (12 hours) of CD4+ T cell stimulation with PMA/ionomycin maximally activates T cells and leads to proviral expression with multiply spliced HIV RNA production. Markers of immune activation and exhaustion were measured to assess interactions with inducibility. Although rates of T cell activation with PMA/ionomycin were similar, the latent reservoir in perinatal infection was slower to reactivate and of lower magnitude compared with adult infection, independent of proviral load. An enhanced TILDA with the addition of phytohemagglutin and a duration of 18 hours augmented proviral expression in perinatal but not adult infection. The baseline HLA-DR+CD4+ T cell level was significantly lower in perinatal compared with adult infections, but not correlated with induced reservoir size. These data support the hypothesis that there are differences in kinetics of latency reversal and baseline immune activation in perinatal compared with adult infections, with implications for latency reversal strategies toward reservoir clearance and remission.
AB - The HIV latent reservoir in resting memory CD4+ T cells precludes cure. Therapeutics to reactivate and eliminate this reservoir are in clinical trials in adults, but not yet in pediatric populations. We determined, ex vivo, the inducibility of the latent reservoir in perinatal infection as compared with adult infections using the Tat/rev induced limiting dilution assay (TILDA), in which a single round (12 hours) of CD4+ T cell stimulation with PMA/ionomycin maximally activates T cells and leads to proviral expression with multiply spliced HIV RNA production. Markers of immune activation and exhaustion were measured to assess interactions with inducibility. Although rates of T cell activation with PMA/ionomycin were similar, the latent reservoir in perinatal infection was slower to reactivate and of lower magnitude compared with adult infection, independent of proviral load. An enhanced TILDA with the addition of phytohemagglutin and a duration of 18 hours augmented proviral expression in perinatal but not adult infection. The baseline HLA-DR+CD4+ T cell level was significantly lower in perinatal compared with adult infections, but not correlated with induced reservoir size. These data support the hypothesis that there are differences in kinetics of latency reversal and baseline immune activation in perinatal compared with adult infections, with implications for latency reversal strategies toward reservoir clearance and remission.
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U2 - 10.1172/jci.insight.134105
DO - 10.1172/jci.insight.134105
M3 - Article
C2 - 31999647
AN - SCOPUS:85081656112
VL - 5
JO - JCI insight
JF - JCI insight
SN - 2379-3708
IS - 4
M1 - e134105
ER -