TY - JOUR
T1 - Dietary protein intake and blood pressure
T2 - A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
AU - Rebholz, Casey M.
AU - Friedman, Eleanor E.
AU - Powers, Lindsey J.
AU - Arroyave, Whitney D.
AU - He, Jiang
AU - Kelly, Tanika N.
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2012/10/1
Y1 - 2012/10/1
N2 - The authors conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the association of dietary protein intake with blood pressure. To identify articles published before April 2011, the authors searched electronic databases, conducted a manual bibliography review, and consulted experts in the field. Forty trials (including 3,277 participants in total) met the eligibility criteria and were included. Using a standardized form, 2 investigators independently abstracted data on study design, participant characteristics, and treatment outcomes. Net change estimates were pooled across trials using random-effects models. Compared with carbohydrate, dietary protein intake was associated with significant changes in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of-1.76 mm Hg (95 confidence interval (CI):-2.33,-1.20) and-1.15 mm Hg (95 CI:-1.59,-0.71), respectively (both P's < 0.001). Both vegetable protein and animal protein were associated with significant blood pressure changes of-2.27 mm Hg (95 CI:-3.36,-1.18) and-2.54 mm Hg (95 CI:-3.55,-1.53), respectively, for systolic blood pressure (both P's < 0.001) and-1.26 mm Hg (95 CI:-2.26,-0.26) and-0.95 mm Hg (95 CI:-1.72,-0.19), respectively, for diastolic blood pressure (both P's 0.014). Blood pressure reduction was not significantly different when vegetable protein was compared directly with animal protein. These findings indicate that partially replacing dietary carbohydrate with protein may be important for the prevention and treatment of hypertension.
AB - The authors conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the association of dietary protein intake with blood pressure. To identify articles published before April 2011, the authors searched electronic databases, conducted a manual bibliography review, and consulted experts in the field. Forty trials (including 3,277 participants in total) met the eligibility criteria and were included. Using a standardized form, 2 investigators independently abstracted data on study design, participant characteristics, and treatment outcomes. Net change estimates were pooled across trials using random-effects models. Compared with carbohydrate, dietary protein intake was associated with significant changes in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of-1.76 mm Hg (95 confidence interval (CI):-2.33,-1.20) and-1.15 mm Hg (95 CI:-1.59,-0.71), respectively (both P's < 0.001). Both vegetable protein and animal protein were associated with significant blood pressure changes of-2.27 mm Hg (95 CI:-3.36,-1.18) and-2.54 mm Hg (95 CI:-3.55,-1.53), respectively, for systolic blood pressure (both P's < 0.001) and-1.26 mm Hg (95 CI:-2.26,-0.26) and-0.95 mm Hg (95 CI:-1.72,-0.19), respectively, for diastolic blood pressure (both P's 0.014). Blood pressure reduction was not significantly different when vegetable protein was compared directly with animal protein. These findings indicate that partially replacing dietary carbohydrate with protein may be important for the prevention and treatment of hypertension.
KW - blood pressure
KW - cardiovascular diseases
KW - diet
KW - dietary supplements
KW - meta-analysis
KW - protein
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84867311271&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84867311271&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/aje/kws245
DO - 10.1093/aje/kws245
M3 - Review article
C2 - 23035142
AN - SCOPUS:84867311271
VL - 176
SP - S27-S43
JO - American Journal of Epidemiology
JF - American Journal of Epidemiology
SN - 0002-9262
IS - SUPPL. 7
ER -