TY - JOUR
T1 - Dietary fiber, vegetables, and colon cancer
T2 - Critical review and meta-analyses of the epidemiologic evidence
AU - Trock, Bruce
AU - Lanza, Elaine
AU - Greenwald, Peter
N1 - Funding Information:
Received August 25, 1989; revised February 13, 1990; accepted February 16, 1990. Supported by Public Health Service grants CA-06927 (National Cancer Institute) and RR-05895 (Division of Research Resources), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; and by an appropriation from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. B. Trock, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA. E. Lanza, P. Greenwald, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD. •Correspondence to: Bruce Trock, Ph.D., Fox Chase Cancer Center, 510 Township line Rd., Cheltenham, PA 19012.
PY - 1990/4/18
Y1 - 1990/4/18
N2 - Whether colon cancer risk can be modified by a diet rich in vegetables, grains, and fruit, and, if so, whether the protective factor is dietary fiber or other biologically active components correlated with a high-fiber diet are questions of active research interest. Because studies on diet are susceptible to bias from a number of sources, in this review we evaluated the adequacy of study methodology as well as study results to clarify how much protection, if any, is conferred by a high-fiber diet. The review consisted of an aggregate assessment of the strength of evidence from 37 observational epidemiologic studies as well as meta-analyses of data from 16 of the 23 case-control studies. Both types of analyses revealed that the majority of studies gave support for a protective effect associated with fiber-rich diets; an estimated combined odds ratio (OR) of 0.57 (95% confidence interval = 0.50,0.64) was obtained when the highest and lowest quantiles of intake were compared. Risk estimates based on vegetable consumption (OR = 0.48) were only slightly more convincing than those based on an estimate of fiber intake (OR = 0.58), but the data do not permit discrimination between effects due to fiber and nonfiber effects due to vegetables. [J Natl Cancer Inst 82:650-661,1990].
AB - Whether colon cancer risk can be modified by a diet rich in vegetables, grains, and fruit, and, if so, whether the protective factor is dietary fiber or other biologically active components correlated with a high-fiber diet are questions of active research interest. Because studies on diet are susceptible to bias from a number of sources, in this review we evaluated the adequacy of study methodology as well as study results to clarify how much protection, if any, is conferred by a high-fiber diet. The review consisted of an aggregate assessment of the strength of evidence from 37 observational epidemiologic studies as well as meta-analyses of data from 16 of the 23 case-control studies. Both types of analyses revealed that the majority of studies gave support for a protective effect associated with fiber-rich diets; an estimated combined odds ratio (OR) of 0.57 (95% confidence interval = 0.50,0.64) was obtained when the highest and lowest quantiles of intake were compared. Risk estimates based on vegetable consumption (OR = 0.48) were only slightly more convincing than those based on an estimate of fiber intake (OR = 0.58), but the data do not permit discrimination between effects due to fiber and nonfiber effects due to vegetables. [J Natl Cancer Inst 82:650-661,1990].
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U2 - 10.1093/jnci/82.8.650
DO - 10.1093/jnci/82.8.650
M3 - Article
C2 - 2157027
AN - SCOPUS:0025232254
SN - 0027-8874
VL - 82
SP - 650
EP - 661
JO - Journal of the National Cancer Institute
JF - Journal of the National Cancer Institute
IS - 8
ER -