TY - JOUR
T1 - Dietary Acid Load and Incident Chronic Kidney Disease
T2 - Results from the ARIC Study
AU - Rebholz, Casey M.
AU - Coresh, Josef
AU - Grams, Morgan E.
AU - Steffen, Lyn M.
AU - Anderson, Cheryl A.M.
AU - Appel, Lawrence J.
AU - Crews, Deidra C.
N1 - Funding Information:
The ARIC study is carried out as a collaborative study supported by National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute contracts (HHSN268201100005C, HHSN268201100006C, HHSN2682011 00007C, HHSN268201100008C, HHSN268201100009C, HHSN 268201100010C, HHSN268201100011C and HHSN2682011 00012C). The authors thank the staff and participants of the ARIC study for their important contributions. Some of the data reported here have been supplied by the USRDS. The interpretation and reporting of these data are the responsibility of the authors and in no way should be seen as an official policy or interpretation of the US government. Dr. M.E. Grams is supported in part by K08 DK092287 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Dr. D.C. Crews is supported by grant K23 DK097184 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and the Gilbert S. Omenn Anniversary Fellowship of the Institute of Medicine.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 S. Karger AG.
PY - 2015/12/1
Y1 - 2015/12/1
N2 - Background: Higher dietary acid load can result in metabolic acidosis and is associated with faster kidney disease progression in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the relationship between dietary acid load and incident CKD has not been evaluated. Methods: We conducted prospective analyses of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study participants without CKD at baseline (1987-1989, n = 15,055). Dietary acid load was estimated using the equation for potential renal acid load by Remer and Manz, incorporating dietary intake data from a food frequency questionnaire. Incident CKD was assessed from baseline through 2010 and defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 accompanied by 25% eGFR decline, CKD-related hospitalization or death or end-stage renal disease identified by linkage to the US Renal Data System registry. Results: In the overall study population, 55% were female, 26% were African-American and mean age at baseline was 54 years. During a median follow-up of 21 years, there were 2,351 (15.6%) incident CKD cases. After adjusting for demographics (age, sex, race-center), established risk factors (diabetes status, hypertension status, overweight/obese status, smoking status, education level, physical activity), caloric intake and baseline eGFR, higher dietary acid load were associated with higher risk of incident CKD (hazard ratio [HR] for quartile 4 vs. 1: 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.28, p for trend = 0.02; HR per interquartile range increase: 1.06, 95% CI 1.00-1.11, p = 0.04). Conclusion: Dietary acid load is associated with incident CKD in a population-based sample. These data suggest a potential avenue for CKD risk reduction through diet.
AB - Background: Higher dietary acid load can result in metabolic acidosis and is associated with faster kidney disease progression in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the relationship between dietary acid load and incident CKD has not been evaluated. Methods: We conducted prospective analyses of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study participants without CKD at baseline (1987-1989, n = 15,055). Dietary acid load was estimated using the equation for potential renal acid load by Remer and Manz, incorporating dietary intake data from a food frequency questionnaire. Incident CKD was assessed from baseline through 2010 and defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 accompanied by 25% eGFR decline, CKD-related hospitalization or death or end-stage renal disease identified by linkage to the US Renal Data System registry. Results: In the overall study population, 55% were female, 26% were African-American and mean age at baseline was 54 years. During a median follow-up of 21 years, there were 2,351 (15.6%) incident CKD cases. After adjusting for demographics (age, sex, race-center), established risk factors (diabetes status, hypertension status, overweight/obese status, smoking status, education level, physical activity), caloric intake and baseline eGFR, higher dietary acid load were associated with higher risk of incident CKD (hazard ratio [HR] for quartile 4 vs. 1: 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.28, p for trend = 0.02; HR per interquartile range increase: 1.06, 95% CI 1.00-1.11, p = 0.04). Conclusion: Dietary acid load is associated with incident CKD in a population-based sample. These data suggest a potential avenue for CKD risk reduction through diet.
KW - Chronic kidney disease
KW - Diet
KW - Magnesium
KW - Vegetable protein
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U2 - 10.1159/000443746
DO - 10.1159/000443746
M3 - Article
C2 - 26789417
AN - SCOPUS:84983098697
VL - 42
SP - 427
EP - 435
JO - American Journal of Nephrology
JF - American Journal of Nephrology
SN - 0250-8095
IS - 6
ER -