Diet, supplement use, and prostate cancer risk: Results from the prostate cancer prevention trial

Alan R. Kristal, Kathryn B. Arnold, Marian L. Neuhouser, Phyllis Goodman, Elizabeth A. Platz, Demetrius Albanes, Ian M. Thompson

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

108 Scopus citations

Abstract

The authors examined nutritional risk factors for prostate cancer among 9,559 participants in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (United States and Canada, 1994-2003). The presence or absence of cancer was determined by prostate biopsy, which was recommended during the trial because of an elevated prostate-specific antigen level or an abnormal digital rectal examination and was offered to all men at the trial's end. Nutrient intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and a structured supplement-use questionnaire. Cancer was detected in 1,703 men; 127 cancers were high-grade (Gleason score 8-10). There were no associations of any nutrient or supplement with prostate cancer risk overall. Risk of high-grade cancer was associated with high intake of polyunsaturated fats (quartile 4 vs. quartile 1: odds ratio = 2.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33, 4.38). Dietary calcium was positively associated with low-grade cancer but inversely associated with high-grade cancer (for quartile 4 vs. quartile 1, odds ratios were 1.27 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.57) and 0.43 (95% CI: 0.21, 0.89), respectively). Neither dietary nor supplemental intakes of nutrients often suggested for prostate cancer prevention, including lycopene, long-chain n-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, vitamin E, and selenium, were significantly associated with cancer risk. High intake of n-6 fatty acids, through their effects on inflammation and oxidative stress, may increase prostate cancer risk.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)566-577
Number of pages12
JournalAmerican journal of epidemiology
Volume172
Issue number5
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 2010

Keywords

  • diet
  • dietary supplements
  • food
  • micronutrients
  • prostatic neoplasms

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Medicine

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