TY - JOUR
T1 - Diagnosis and treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome
AU - Sheth, R. N.
AU - Belzberg, A. J.
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2001
Y1 - 2001
N2 - TOS represents a spectrum of disorders encompassing four related syndromes: arterial compression, venous compression, neurogenic compression, and a poorly defined pain syndrome. Patients can present with signs of arterial insufficiency, venous obstruction, painless wasting of intrinsic hand muscles, and pain. History and physical examination are the most important diagnostic studies, and radiographs of the chest and cervical spine and electromyography/nerve conduction studies are useful to identify other causes of pain and disability. Surgical intervention is indicated for patients failing nonoperative maneuvers and can usually yield satisfactory results. TOS may also be the most underrated, overlooked, and misdiagnosed, and the most important and difficult to manage peripheral nerve compression in the upper extremity.
AB - TOS represents a spectrum of disorders encompassing four related syndromes: arterial compression, venous compression, neurogenic compression, and a poorly defined pain syndrome. Patients can present with signs of arterial insufficiency, venous obstruction, painless wasting of intrinsic hand muscles, and pain. History and physical examination are the most important diagnostic studies, and radiographs of the chest and cervical spine and electromyography/nerve conduction studies are useful to identify other causes of pain and disability. Surgical intervention is indicated for patients failing nonoperative maneuvers and can usually yield satisfactory results. TOS may also be the most underrated, overlooked, and misdiagnosed, and the most important and difficult to manage peripheral nerve compression in the upper extremity.
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U2 - 10.1016/s1042-3680(18)30055-x
DO - 10.1016/s1042-3680(18)30055-x
M3 - Review article
C2 - 11525208
AN - SCOPUS:0035041806
SN - 1042-3680
VL - 12
SP - 295
EP - 309
JO - Neurosurgery clinics of North America
JF - Neurosurgery clinics of North America
IS - 2
ER -