TY - JOUR
T1 - Depressive symptoms and risks of coronary heart disease and mortality in elderly Americans
AU - Ariyo, Abraham A.
AU - Haan, Mary
AU - Tangen, Catherine M.
AU - Rutledge, John C.
AU - Cushman, Mary
AU - Dobs, Adrian
AU - Furberg, Curt D.
PY - 2000/10/10
Y1 - 2000/10/10
N2 - Background - Several epidemiological studies have associated depressive symptoms with cardiovascular disease. We investigated whether depressive symptoms constituted a risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) and total mortality among an apparently healthy elderly cohort. Methods and Results - In a prospective cohort of 5888 elderly Americans (≥65 years) who were enrolled in the Cardiovascular Health Study, 4493 participants who were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline provided annual information on their depressive status, which was assessed using the Depression Scale of the Center for Epidemiological Studies. These 4493 subjects were followed for 6 years for the development of CHD and mortality. The cumulative mean depression score was assessed for each participant up to the time of event (maximum 6-year follow-up). Using time-dependent, proportional-hazards models, the unadjusted hazard ratio associated with every 5-unit increase in mean depression score for the development of CHD was 1.15 (P=0.006); the ratio for all-cause mortality was 1.29 (P<0.0001). In multivariate analyses adjusted for age, race, sex, education, diabetes, hypertension, cigarette smoking, total cholesterol, triglyceride level, congestive heart failure, and physical inactivity, the hazard ratio for CHD was 1.15 (P=0.006) and that for all-cause mortality was 1.16 (P=0.006). Among participants with the highest cumulative mean depression scores, the risk of CHD increased by 40% and risk of death by 60% compared with those who had the lowest mean scores. Conclusions - Among elderly Americans, depressive symptoms constitute an independent risk factor for the development of CHD and total mortality.
AB - Background - Several epidemiological studies have associated depressive symptoms with cardiovascular disease. We investigated whether depressive symptoms constituted a risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) and total mortality among an apparently healthy elderly cohort. Methods and Results - In a prospective cohort of 5888 elderly Americans (≥65 years) who were enrolled in the Cardiovascular Health Study, 4493 participants who were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline provided annual information on their depressive status, which was assessed using the Depression Scale of the Center for Epidemiological Studies. These 4493 subjects were followed for 6 years for the development of CHD and mortality. The cumulative mean depression score was assessed for each participant up to the time of event (maximum 6-year follow-up). Using time-dependent, proportional-hazards models, the unadjusted hazard ratio associated with every 5-unit increase in mean depression score for the development of CHD was 1.15 (P=0.006); the ratio for all-cause mortality was 1.29 (P<0.0001). In multivariate analyses adjusted for age, race, sex, education, diabetes, hypertension, cigarette smoking, total cholesterol, triglyceride level, congestive heart failure, and physical inactivity, the hazard ratio for CHD was 1.15 (P=0.006) and that for all-cause mortality was 1.16 (P=0.006). Among participants with the highest cumulative mean depression scores, the risk of CHD increased by 40% and risk of death by 60% compared with those who had the lowest mean scores. Conclusions - Among elderly Americans, depressive symptoms constitute an independent risk factor for the development of CHD and total mortality.
KW - Coronary disease
KW - Depression
KW - Epidemiology
KW - Mortality
KW - Risk factors
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U2 - 10.1161/01.CIR.102.15.1773
DO - 10.1161/01.CIR.102.15.1773
M3 - Article
C2 - 11023931
AN - SCOPUS:0034633799
SN - 0009-7322
VL - 102
SP - 1773
EP - 1779
JO - Circulation
JF - Circulation
IS - 15
ER -