Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism

10% of hospital deaths are attributed to pulmonary embolism (PE) In-hospital case-fatality rate of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is ∼12% Pulmonary embolism (PE) 79% of patients who present with PE have evidence of DVT in lower extremities Overall 3-month mortality is ∼15% Most common cause of early death is right ventricular failure Mortality after 30 days is usually caused by underlying disease 18% of patients with PE and right ventricular (RV) failure or pulmonary hypertension present in cardiac arrest Mortality of untreated PE is ∼30% Mortality can be reduced to 2-8% with anticoagulant therapy Independent comorbid predictors of 3-month mortality: age, congestive heart failure, cancer, chronic lung disease Rate of recurrent VTE on anticoagulation is <5% (30% after 10 years) PE occurs in ∼15% of patients with central venous catheter-related upper-extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) Intracranial VTE can be a cause of new-onset seizure activity