TY - JOUR
T1 - Cytokine and Chemokine Levels in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Convalescent Plasma
AU - Bonny, Tania S.
AU - Patel, Eshan U.
AU - Zhu, Xianming
AU - Bloch, Evan M.
AU - Grabowski, M. Kate
AU - Abraham, Alison G.
AU - Littlefield, Kirsten
AU - Shrestha, Ruchee
AU - Benner, Sarah E.
AU - Laeyendecker, Oliver
AU - Shoham, Shmuel
AU - Sullivan, David
AU - Quinn, Thomas C.
AU - Casadevall, Arturo
AU - Pekosz, Andrew
AU - Redd, Andrew D.
AU - Tobian, Aaron A.R.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was funded in part by the following: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) (R01AI120938, R01AI120938S1, and R01AI128779; to A. A. R. T.); NIAID (AI052733, AI15207, and N272201400007C; to A. C.); NIAID (T32AI102623; to E. U. P.); the Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, National Institutes of Health (to O. L., A. R., and T. Q.); National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (1K23HL151826-01 [to E. M. B.] and R01HL059842 [to A. C.]); Bloomberg Philanthropies (to A. D. C.); and Department of Defense (W911QY2090012; to D. S.).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Author(s).
PY - 2021/2/1
Y1 - 2021/2/1
N2 - Background: The efficacy of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent plasma (CCP) is primarily ascribed as a source of neutralizing anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies. However, the composition of other immune components in CCP and their potential roles remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to describe the composition and concentrations of plasma cytokines and chemokines in eligible CCP donors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 20 prepandemic healthy blood donors without SARS-CoV-2 infection and 140 eligible CCP donors with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Electrochemiluminescence detection-based multiplexed sandwich immunoassays were used to quantify plasma cytokine and chemokine concentrations (n = 35 analytes). A SARS-CoV-2 microneutralization assay was also performed. Differences in the percentage of detection and distribution of cytokine and chemokine concentrations were examined by categorical groups using Fisher's exact and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, respectively. Results: Among CCP donors (n = 140), the median time since molecular diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 was 44 days (interquartile range = 38-50) and 9% (n = 12) were hospitalized due to COVID-19. Compared with healthy blood donor controls, CCP donors had significantly higher plasma levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-15, IL-21, and macrophage-inflammatory protein-1, but lower levels of IL-1RA, IL-8, IL-16, and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (P < .0014). The distributions of plasma levels of IL-8, IL-15, and IFN-inducible protein-10 were significantly higher among CCP donors with high (≥160) versus low (<40) anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers (P < .0014). The median levels of IL-6 were significantly higher among CCP donors who were hospitalized versus nonhospitalized (P < .0014). Conclusions: Heterogeneity in cytokine and chemokine composition of CCP suggests there is a different inflammatory state among the CCP donors compared with SARS-CoV-2 naive, healthy blood donors.
AB - Background: The efficacy of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent plasma (CCP) is primarily ascribed as a source of neutralizing anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies. However, the composition of other immune components in CCP and their potential roles remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to describe the composition and concentrations of plasma cytokines and chemokines in eligible CCP donors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 20 prepandemic healthy blood donors without SARS-CoV-2 infection and 140 eligible CCP donors with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Electrochemiluminescence detection-based multiplexed sandwich immunoassays were used to quantify plasma cytokine and chemokine concentrations (n = 35 analytes). A SARS-CoV-2 microneutralization assay was also performed. Differences in the percentage of detection and distribution of cytokine and chemokine concentrations were examined by categorical groups using Fisher's exact and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, respectively. Results: Among CCP donors (n = 140), the median time since molecular diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 was 44 days (interquartile range = 38-50) and 9% (n = 12) were hospitalized due to COVID-19. Compared with healthy blood donor controls, CCP donors had significantly higher plasma levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-15, IL-21, and macrophage-inflammatory protein-1, but lower levels of IL-1RA, IL-8, IL-16, and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (P < .0014). The distributions of plasma levels of IL-8, IL-15, and IFN-inducible protein-10 were significantly higher among CCP donors with high (≥160) versus low (<40) anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers (P < .0014). The median levels of IL-6 were significantly higher among CCP donors who were hospitalized versus nonhospitalized (P < .0014). Conclusions: Heterogeneity in cytokine and chemokine composition of CCP suggests there is a different inflammatory state among the CCP donors compared with SARS-CoV-2 naive, healthy blood donors.
KW - COVID-19
KW - SARS-CoV-2
KW - convalescent plasma
KW - cytokine
KW - neutralizing antibodies
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U2 - 10.1093/ofid/ofaa574
DO - 10.1093/ofid/ofaa574
M3 - Review article
C2 - 33553467
AN - SCOPUS:85102103324
SN - 2328-8957
VL - 8
JO - Open Forum Infectious Diseases
JF - Open Forum Infectious Diseases
IS - 2
M1 - ofaa574
ER -