TY - JOUR
T1 - Cyclin-dependent Kinases Phosphorylate Human Cdt1 and Induce Its Degradation
AU - Liu, Enbo
AU - Li, Xianghong
AU - Yan, Feng
AU - Zhao, Qiping
AU - Wu, Xiaohua
PY - 2004/4/23
Y1 - 2004/4/23
N2 - Eukaryotic cells tightly control DNA replication so that replication origins fire only once during S phase within the same cell cycle. Cell cycle-regulated degradation of the replication licensing factor Cdt1 plays important roles in preventing more than one round of DNA replication per cell cycle. We have previously shown that the SCFSkp2-mediated ubiquitination pathway plays an important role in Cdt1 degradation. In this study, we demonstrate that human Cdt1 is a substrate of Cdk2 and Cdk4 both in vivo and in vitro. Overexpression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors such as p21 and p27 dramatically suppresses the phosphorylation of Cdt1, disrupts the interaction of Cdt1 with the F-box protein Skp2, and blocks the degradation of Cdt1. Further analysis reveals that Cdt1 interacts with cyclin/ cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) complexes through a cyclin/Cdk binding consensus site, located at the N terminus of Cdt1. A Cdt1 mutant carrying four amino acid substitutions at the Cdk binding site dramatically reduces associations with cyclin/Cdk complexes. This mutant is not phosphorylated, fails to bind Skp2 and is more stable than wild-type Cdt1. These data suggest that cyclin/Cdk-mediated Cdt1 phosphorylation is required for the association of Cdt1 with the SCF Skp2 ubiquitin ligase and thus is important for the cell cycle dependent degradation of Cdt1 in mammalian cells.
AB - Eukaryotic cells tightly control DNA replication so that replication origins fire only once during S phase within the same cell cycle. Cell cycle-regulated degradation of the replication licensing factor Cdt1 plays important roles in preventing more than one round of DNA replication per cell cycle. We have previously shown that the SCFSkp2-mediated ubiquitination pathway plays an important role in Cdt1 degradation. In this study, we demonstrate that human Cdt1 is a substrate of Cdk2 and Cdk4 both in vivo and in vitro. Overexpression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors such as p21 and p27 dramatically suppresses the phosphorylation of Cdt1, disrupts the interaction of Cdt1 with the F-box protein Skp2, and blocks the degradation of Cdt1. Further analysis reveals that Cdt1 interacts with cyclin/ cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) complexes through a cyclin/Cdk binding consensus site, located at the N terminus of Cdt1. A Cdt1 mutant carrying four amino acid substitutions at the Cdk binding site dramatically reduces associations with cyclin/Cdk complexes. This mutant is not phosphorylated, fails to bind Skp2 and is more stable than wild-type Cdt1. These data suggest that cyclin/Cdk-mediated Cdt1 phosphorylation is required for the association of Cdt1 with the SCF Skp2 ubiquitin ligase and thus is important for the cell cycle dependent degradation of Cdt1 in mammalian cells.
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U2 - 10.1074/jbc.C300549200
DO - 10.1074/jbc.C300549200
M3 - Article
C2 - 15004027
AN - SCOPUS:2342442851
SN - 0021-9258
VL - 279
SP - 17283
EP - 17288
JO - Journal of Biological Chemistry
JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry
IS - 17
ER -