Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against tumors are maintained by stem-like memory cells that self-renew but also give rise to effector-like cells. The latter gradually lose their anti-tumor activity and acquire an epigenetically fixed, hypofunctional state, leading to tumor tolerance. Here, we show that the conversion of stem-like into effector-like CTLs involves a major chemotactic reprogramming that includes the upregulation of chemokine receptor CXCR6. This receptor positions effector-like CTLs in a discrete perivascular niche of the tumor stroma that is densely occupied by CCR7+ dendritic cells (DCs) expressing the CXCR6 ligand CXCL16. CCR7+ DCs also express and trans-present the survival cytokine interleukin-15 (IL-15). CXCR6 expression and IL-15 trans-presentation are critical for the survival and local expansion of effector-like CTLs in the tumor microenvironment to maximize their anti-tumor activity before progressing to irreversible dysfunction. These observations reveal a cellular and molecular checkpoint that determines the magnitude and outcome of anti-tumor immune responses.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 4512-4530.e22 |
Journal | Cell |
Volume | 184 |
Issue number | 17 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Aug 19 2021 |
Keywords
- CCR7 dendritic cells
- CTL
- CXCL16
- CXCR6
- IL-15
- TCF-1
- TCGA
- multiphoton intravital microscopy
- scRNA-seq
- tumor microenvironment
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology