Cutting edge: Generation of colitogenic Th17 CD4 T cells is enhanced by IL-17+ γδ T cells

Th 17 cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of colitis; however, a cellular mechanism by which colitogenic Th17 immunity arises in vivo remains unclear. In this study, we report that a subset of IL-17⁺ γδ T cells plays a crucial role in enhancing in vivo Th17 differentiation and T cell-mediated colitis. TCRβ^-/- mice were highly susceptible to T cell-mediated colitis, whereas TCRβδ ^-/- mice were resistant to the disease. Importantly, cotransfer of IL-17⁺ but not of IL-17^- γδ T cells with CD4 T cells was sufficient to enhance Th17 differentiation and induce full-blown colitis in TCRβδ^-/- recipients. Collectively, our results provide a novel function of IL-17⁺ γδ T cell subsets in supporting in vivo Th17 differentiation and possibly in fostering the development of intestinal inflammation.