TY - JOUR
T1 - Crystal structure of the MATa1/MATα2 homeodomain heterodimer bound to DNA
AU - Li, Thomas
AU - Stark, Martha R.
AU - Johnson, Alexander D.
AU - Wolberger, Cynthia
PY - 1995
Y1 - 1995
N2 - The Saccharomyces cerevisiae MATa1 and MATa2 homeodomain proteins, which play a role in determining yeast cell type, form a heterodimer that binds DNA and represses transcription in a cell type-specific manner. Whereas the α2 and a1 proteins on their own have only modest affinity for DNA, the a1/αa2 heterodimer binds DNA with high specificity and affinity. The three-dimensional crystal structure of the a1/α2 homeodomain heterodimer bound to DNA was determined at a resolution of 2.5 Å. The a1 and α2 homeodomains bind in a head-to-tail orientation, with heterodimer contacts mediated by a 16-residue tail located carboxyl-terminal to the α2 homeodomain. This tail becomes ordered in the presence of a1, part of it forming a short amphipathic helix that packs against the a1 homeodomain between helices 1 and 2. A pronounced 60° bend is induced in the DNA, which makes possible protein-protein and protein-DNA contacts that could not take place in a straight DNA fragment. Complex formation mediated by flexible protein-recognition peptides attached to stably folded DNA binding domains may prove to be a general feature of the architecture of other classes of eukaryotic transcriptional regulators.
AB - The Saccharomyces cerevisiae MATa1 and MATa2 homeodomain proteins, which play a role in determining yeast cell type, form a heterodimer that binds DNA and represses transcription in a cell type-specific manner. Whereas the α2 and a1 proteins on their own have only modest affinity for DNA, the a1/αa2 heterodimer binds DNA with high specificity and affinity. The three-dimensional crystal structure of the a1/α2 homeodomain heterodimer bound to DNA was determined at a resolution of 2.5 Å. The a1 and α2 homeodomains bind in a head-to-tail orientation, with heterodimer contacts mediated by a 16-residue tail located carboxyl-terminal to the α2 homeodomain. This tail becomes ordered in the presence of a1, part of it forming a short amphipathic helix that packs against the a1 homeodomain between helices 1 and 2. A pronounced 60° bend is induced in the DNA, which makes possible protein-protein and protein-DNA contacts that could not take place in a straight DNA fragment. Complex formation mediated by flexible protein-recognition peptides attached to stably folded DNA binding domains may prove to be a general feature of the architecture of other classes of eukaryotic transcriptional regulators.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0028828745&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0028828745&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1126/science.270.5234.262
DO - 10.1126/science.270.5234.262
M3 - Article
C2 - 7569974
AN - SCOPUS:0028828745
SN - 0036-8075
VL - 270
SP - 262
EP - 269
JO - Science
JF - Science
IS - 5234
ER -