Cost-effectiveness of Pneumococcal Vaccination Among Patients With CKD in the United States

Junichi Ishigami, William V. Padula, Morgan E. Grams, Alexander R. Chang, Bernard Jaar, Ron T. Gansevoort, John F.P. Bridges, Csaba P. Kovesdy, Shinichi Uchida, Josef Coresh, Kunihiro Matsushita

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

8 Scopus citations

Abstract

Rationale & Objective: Pneumococcal vaccine is recommended for adults 65 years and older and those younger than 65 years with clinical indications (eg, diabetes, lung/heart disease, kidney failure, and nephrotic syndrome). Its cost-effectiveness in less severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) is uncharacterized. Study Design: Cost-effectiveness analysis. Setting & Population: US adults aged 50 to 64 and 65 to 79 years stratified by CKD risk status: no CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio < 30 mg/g), CKD with moderate risk, CKD with high risk, and kidney failure (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2) or nephrotic-range albuminuria (urinary albumin-creatinine ratio ≥ 2,000 mg/g). Data sources were the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999 to 2004, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Intervention(s): Vaccination compared to no vaccination. Outcomes: Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios based on US dollars per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). Model, Perspective, & Timeframe: Markov model, US health sector perspective, and lifetime horizon. Results: The prevalence of pneumococcal vaccination in NHANES 1999 to 2004 was 56.6% (aged 65-79 years), 28.5% (aged 50-64 years with an indication), and 9.7% (aged 50-64 years without an indication), with similar prevalences across CKD risk status. Pneumococcal vaccination was overall cost-effective (<US $100,000/QALY) for adults aged 65 to 79 years (US $15,000/QALY) and 50 to 64 years (US $38,000/QALY). Among those aged 50 to 64 years, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were lowest for kidney failure or nephrotic-range albuminuria (US $1,000/QALY), followed by CKD with high risk (US $17,000/QALY), CKD with moderate risk (US $25,000/QALY), and no CKD (US $43,000/QALY). Pneumococcal vaccination was cost-effective among adults aged 50 to 64 years with CKD even when assuming the lowest vaccine efficacy or 50% higher vaccine costs. Limitations: Some model parameters were based on data from the general population. Analysis did not consider costs associated with kidney disease progression. Conclusions: Uptake of pneumococcal vaccination should be improved in general. Our results also suggest the cost-effectiveness of expanding its indication to younger adults with CKD less severe than kidney failure or nephrotic syndrome.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)23-35
Number of pages13
JournalAmerican Journal of Kidney Diseases
Volume74
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 2019

Keywords

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
  • albuminuria
  • chronic kidney failure
  • chronic renal insufficiency
  • cost-effectiveness
  • glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
  • infection
  • infectious disease
  • invasive pneumococcal disease
  • pneumococcal disease
  • pneumococcal pneumonia
  • pneumococcal vaccine
  • proteinuria
  • streptococcus pneumonia
  • vaccination

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Nephrology

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