TY - JOUR
T1 - Coronary heart disease risk
T2 - Low-density lipoprotein and beyond
AU - Shaya, Gabriel E.
AU - Leucker, Thorsten M.
AU - Jones, Steven R.
AU - Martin, Seth S.
AU - Toth, Peter P.
N1 - Funding Information:
Dr. Shaya has nothing to disclose. Drs. Martin and Jones are listed as co-inventors on a pending patent filed by Johns Hopkins University for the novel method of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol estimation. Dr. Jones has served as an advisor to Sanofi/Regeneron. Dr. Martin has served as a consultant to Amgen, AstraZeneca, Esperion, Kaneka, Novo Nordisk, Regeneron, REGENXBIO, Sanofi, and 89bio. Dr. Luecker has received research support from Amgen. Dr. Toth is a member of the speakers bureau for Amarin, Amgen, Esperion, and Novo-Nordisk. Dr. Toth is a consultant to Amarin, Amgen, Bio89, Kowa, Novartis, Resverlogix, and Theravance.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2022/5
Y1 - 2022/5
N2 - Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide and has been characterized as a chronic immunoinflammatory, fibroproliferative disease fueled by lipids. Great advances have been made in elucidating the complex mechanistic interactions among risk factors associated with CHD, yielding abundant success towards preventive measures and the development of pharmaceuticals to prevent and treat CHD via attenuation of lipoprotein-mediated risk. However, significant residual risk remains. Several potentially modifiable CHD risk factors ostensibly contributing to this residual risk have since come to the fore, including systemic inflammation, diabetes mellitus, high-density lipoprotein, plasma triglycerides (TG) and remnant lipoproteins (RLP), lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]), and vascular endothelial dysfunction (ED). Herein, we summarize the body of evidence implicating each of these risk factors in residual CHD risk.
AB - Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide and has been characterized as a chronic immunoinflammatory, fibroproliferative disease fueled by lipids. Great advances have been made in elucidating the complex mechanistic interactions among risk factors associated with CHD, yielding abundant success towards preventive measures and the development of pharmaceuticals to prevent and treat CHD via attenuation of lipoprotein-mediated risk. However, significant residual risk remains. Several potentially modifiable CHD risk factors ostensibly contributing to this residual risk have since come to the fore, including systemic inflammation, diabetes mellitus, high-density lipoprotein, plasma triglycerides (TG) and remnant lipoproteins (RLP), lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]), and vascular endothelial dysfunction (ED). Herein, we summarize the body of evidence implicating each of these risk factors in residual CHD risk.
KW - Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
KW - Diabetes
KW - Inflammation
KW - Insulin resistance
KW - Lipoprotein(a)
KW - Remnant lipoproteins
KW - Triglycerides
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U2 - 10.1016/j.tcm.2021.04.002
DO - 10.1016/j.tcm.2021.04.002
M3 - Review article
C2 - 33872757
AN - SCOPUS:85105319532
SN - 1050-1738
VL - 32
SP - 181
EP - 194
JO - Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine
JF - Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine
IS - 4
ER -