TY - CHAP
T1 - Conventional MRI
AU - Arrigoni, Filippo
AU - Calloni, Sonia
AU - Huisman, Thierry A.G.M.
AU - Chiapparini, Luisa
PY - 2018/1/1
Y1 - 2018/1/1
N2 - Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows for a detailed noninvasive visualization/examination of posterior fossa structures and represents a fundamental step in the diagnostic workup of many cerebellar disorders. In the first part of this chapter methodologic issues, like the correct choice of hardware (magnets, coils), pro and cons of the different MRI sequences, and patient management during the examination are discussed. In the second part, the MRI anatomy of the cerebellum, as noted on the various conventional MRI sequences, as well as a detailed description of cerebellar maturational processes from birth to childhood and into adulthood, are reported. Volumetric studies on the cerebellar growth based on three-dimensional MRI sequences are also presented. Moreover, we briefly discuss two main topics regarding conventional MRI of the cerebellum that have generated some debate in recent years: the differentiation between cerebellar atrophy, hypoplasia, and pontocerebellar hypoplasia, and signal changes of dentate nuclei after repetitive gadolinium-based contrast injections. The advantages and benefits of advanced neuroimaging techniques, including 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion-weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and perfusion-weighted imaging are discussed in the last section of the chapter.
AB - Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows for a detailed noninvasive visualization/examination of posterior fossa structures and represents a fundamental step in the diagnostic workup of many cerebellar disorders. In the first part of this chapter methodologic issues, like the correct choice of hardware (magnets, coils), pro and cons of the different MRI sequences, and patient management during the examination are discussed. In the second part, the MRI anatomy of the cerebellum, as noted on the various conventional MRI sequences, as well as a detailed description of cerebellar maturational processes from birth to childhood and into adulthood, are reported. Volumetric studies on the cerebellar growth based on three-dimensional MRI sequences are also presented. Moreover, we briefly discuss two main topics regarding conventional MRI of the cerebellum that have generated some debate in recent years: the differentiation between cerebellar atrophy, hypoplasia, and pontocerebellar hypoplasia, and signal changes of dentate nuclei after repetitive gadolinium-based contrast injections. The advantages and benefits of advanced neuroimaging techniques, including 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion-weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and perfusion-weighted imaging are discussed in the last section of the chapter.
KW - H MRS
KW - anatomic variants
KW - cerebellar atrophy
KW - cerebellar growth
KW - cerebellar hypoplasia
KW - cerebellar morphology
KW - DWI/DTI
KW - gadolinium deposition
KW - MRI
KW - PWI
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85048625613&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85048625613&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/B978-0-444-63956-1.00013-8
DO - 10.1016/B978-0-444-63956-1.00013-8
M3 - Chapter
C2 - 29903441
AN - SCOPUS:85048625613
T3 - Handbook of Clinical Neurology
SP - 219
EP - 234
BT - Handbook of Clinical Neurology
PB - Elsevier B.V.
ER -