@article{a050b63cb9964cbf9ec23a942bc85493,
title = "Continuous function of 80 primary renal allografts for 30–47 years with maintenance prednisone and azathioprine/mycophenolate mofetil therapy: A clinical mosaic of long-term successes",
abstract = "Eighty primary renal allograft recipients, 61 living-related and 19 deceased donor, transplanted from 1963 through 1984 had continuous graft function for 30–47 years. They were treated with three different early immunosuppression programs (1963–1970: thymectomy, splenectomy, high oral prednisone; 1971–1979: divided-dose intravenous methylprednisolone; and 1980–1984: antilymphocyte globulin) each with maintenance prednisone and azathioprine, and no calcineurin inhibitor. Long-term treatment often included the anti-platelet medication, dipyridamole. Although both recipient and donor ages were young (27.2 ± 9.5 and 33.1 ± 12.0 years, respectively), six recipients with a parent donor had >40-year success. At 35 years, death-censored graft survival was 85.3% and death with a functioning graft 84.2%; overall graft survival was 69.5% (Kaplan–Meier estimate). Biopsy-documented early acute cellular and highly probable antibody-mediated rejections were reversed with divided-dose intravenous methylprednisolone. Complications are detailed in an integrated timeline. Hypogammaglobulinemia identified after 20 years doubled the infection rate. An association between a monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and non-plasma-cell malignancies was identified. Twenty-seven azathioprine-treated patients tested after 37 years had extremely low levels of T1/T2 B lymphocytes representing a “low immunosuppression state of allograft acceptance (LISAA)”. The lifetime achievements of these patients following a single renal allograft and low-dose maintenance immunosuppression are remarkable. Their success evolved as a clinical mosaic.",
keywords = "B cell biology, azathioprine, biopsy, complication, immunosuppressant, malignancy, medical/metabolic",
author = "Braun, {William E.} and Leal Herlitz and Jianbo Li and Jesse Schold and Emilio Poggio and Brian Stephany and Richard Fatica and Joseph Nally and Kathleen Brown and Robert Fairchild and William Baldwin and David Goldfarb and William Kiser and Joshua Augustine and Robin Avery and Tomford, {J. Walton} and Satoru Nakamoto",
note = "Funding Information: We are especially grateful for the time, resource support, and encouragement provided by Dr Robert Heyka, Chairman of the Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, and Dr Eric Klein, Chairman of the Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, at the Cleveland Clinic. Special recognition and appreciation are given to Mrs Deborah Protiva, RN, who collected and maintained detailed demographic and clinical patient information for over 25 years. Her dedication to these patients and the integrity of the data have been important for the analysis of the clinical material. Marlene Zuckerman provided later assistance in this area. The initial kidney transplantation program at the Cleveland Clinic was directed by Drs. Satoru Nakamoto, Willem Kolff, Eugene Poutasse, and Ralph Straffon. Other renal transplant surgeons were Drs. William Kiser, Lynn Banowsky, Andrew Novick, Bruce Stewart, Clarence Hewitt, Ernie Hodge, Charles Modlin, and Stuart Flechner. Nephrologists included Drs.Ray Gifford, Katherine Popowniak, Magnus Magnusson, Donald Vidt, David Humphrey, Donald Steinmuller, Vincent Dennis, Emil Paganini, Martin Schreiber, Saul Nurko, Philip Hall, and Marc Pohl. Infectious Disease Specialists included Drs. Martin McHenry, David Longworth, Robin Avery, J.Walton Tomford, and Susan Rehm. Transplant Nurses included Carol Buszta, Mary Ellen Blatt, Frances Gifford, and Madelaine Supios. The members of Histocompatibility Laboratory and Allogen Laboratory are as follows: Dr Andrea Zachary, Dr Daniel Cook, Nancy Murphy, Daniel Grecek, Tim Williams, Gary Teresi, Cora Dejelo, Lynn Klingman, Kathleen McNamara, Raymond Jurcago, Leah Coleman, Linda Hall, and Sheila Jayavant. The member of Immunopathology Laboratory is as follows: Dr Sharad Deodhar. The members of Anatomic Pathology Laboratory are as follows: Drs. John Myles, Raymond Tubbs, and Raphael Valenzuela. The member of Center for Medical Art & Photography is as follows: Susan Kido, Graphic Specialist. We greatly appreciate the voluntary participation of 18 short-term renal transplant control patients, 19 healthy control individuals, and the team that arranged their schedules: Jennifer Czerr, Tracy Evans-Walker, Sherry Levy, and Priscilla Dann. Expert manuscript preparation and management by Nikki Williams was critically important. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd",
year = "2021",
month = jan,
doi = "10.1111/ctr.14131",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "35",
journal = "Clinical Transplantation",
issn = "0902-0063",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",
number = "1",
}