@article{4a29595077714f3dbd967d4760c6e88f,
title = "Connectivity dynamics in typical development and its relationship to autistic traits and autism spectrum disorder",
abstract = "Recent advances in neuroimaging techniques have provided significant insights into developmental trajectories of human brain function. Characterizations of typical neurodevelopment provide a framework for understanding altered neurodevelopment, including differences in brain function related to developmental disorders and psychopathology. Historically, most functional connectivity studies of typical and atypical development operate under the assumption that connectivity remains static over time. We hypothesized that relaxing stationarity assumptions would reveal novel features of both typical brain development related to children on the autism spectrum. We employed a “chronnectomic” (recurring, time-varying patterns of connectivity) approach to evaluate transient states of connectivity using resting-state functional MRI in a population-based sample of 774 6- to 10-year-old children. Dynamic connectivity was evaluated using a sliding-window approach, and revealed four transient states. Internetwork connectivity increased with age in modularized dynamic states, illustrating an important pattern of connectivity in the developing brain. Furthermore, we demonstrated that higher levels of autistic traits and ASD diagnosis were associated with longer dwell times in a globally disconnected state. These results provide a roadmap to the chronnectomic organization of the developing brain and suggest that characteristics of functional brain connectivity are related to children on the autism spectrum.",
keywords = "autism spectrum disorder, functional connectivity dynamics, independent component analysis, resting-state fMRI, typical development",
author = "Barnaly Rashid and Blanken, {Laura M.E.} and Muetzel, {Ryan L.} and Robyn Miller and Eswar Damaraju and Arbabshirani, {Mohammad R.} and Erhardt, {Erik B.} and Verhulst, {Frank C.} and {van der Lugt}, Aad and Jaddoe, {Vincent W.V.} and Henning Tiemeier and Tonya White and Vince Calhoun",
note = "Funding Information: This study received support from the Sophia Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital Research Foundation (SSWO) Project 639, Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (SFARI - 307280), and the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw) TOP grant number 91211021. The project was also supported by NIH grants P20GM103472, R01EB005846, R01EB020407, and NSF 1539067. MRI data acquisition was sponsored in part by the European Community{\textquoteright}s 7th Framework Programme (FP7/2008–2013, 212652). The Generation R Study is conducted by the Erasmus Medical Center in close collaboration with the School of Law and Faculty of Social Sciences of the Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Municipal Health Service Rotterdam area, Rotterdam, the Rotterdam Homecare Foundation, Rotterdam, and the Stichting Trombosedienst & Artsenlaboratorium Rijnmond (STAR-MDC), Rotterdam. The general design of Generation R Study is made possible by financial support from the Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Erasmus University Rotterdam, ZonMw, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), and the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport. Funding Information: This study received support from the Sophia Children's Hospital Research Foundation (SSWO) Project 639, Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (SFARI - 307280), and the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw) TOP grant number 91211021. The project was also supported by NIH grants P20GM103472, R01EB005846, R01EB020407, and NSF 1539067. MRI data acquisition was sponsored in part by the European Community's 7th Framework Programme (FP7/2008?2013, 212652). The Generation R Study is conducted by the Erasmus Medical Center in close collaboration with the School of Law and Faculty of Social Sciences of the Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Municipal Health Service Rotterdam area, Rotterdam, the Rotterdam Homecare Foundation, Rotterdam, and the Stichting Trombosedienst & Artsenlaboratorium Rijnmond (STAR-MDC), Rotterdam. The general design of Generation R Study is made possible by financial support from the Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Erasmus University Rotterdam, ZonMw, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), and the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport. The authors gratefully acknowledge the contribution of children and parents, general practitioners, hospitals, midwives, and pharmacies in Rotterdam. Funding Information: Sophia Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital Research Foundation (SSWO) Project 639; Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (SFARI), Grant/Award Number: 307280; Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw) TOP, Grant/Award Number: 91211021; NIH, Grant/Award Numbers: P20GM103472, R01EB005846, R01EB020407, NSF 1539067; European Community{\textquoteright}s 7th Framework Programme, Grant/Award Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.",
year = "2018",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1002/hbm.24064",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "39",
pages = "3127--3142",
journal = "Human Brain Mapping",
issn = "1065-9471",
publisher = "Wiley-Liss Inc.",
number = "8",
}