TY - JOUR
T1 - Confirmatory tests for drugs in the workplace by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
AU - Goldberger, Bruce A.
AU - Cone, Edward J.
PY - 1994/7/15
Y1 - 1994/7/15
N2 - The Mandatory Guidelines for Federal Workplace Drug Testing Programs require the use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the confirmation of presumptive positive urine specimens. This review focuses upon GC-MS methods developed specifically for forensic confirmation of amphetamine, methamphetamine, 11-nor-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC-acid), benzoylecgonine, morphine, codeine and phencyclidine in urine for purposes of workplace drug testing. In addition, current laboratory issues pertaining to each drug class are reviewed. Generally, drug assays utilized either liquid-liquid or solid-phase extraction methods, derivatization if necessary, and GC-MS detection operating in the selected ion monitoring mode or by full scan acquisition.
AB - The Mandatory Guidelines for Federal Workplace Drug Testing Programs require the use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the confirmation of presumptive positive urine specimens. This review focuses upon GC-MS methods developed specifically for forensic confirmation of amphetamine, methamphetamine, 11-nor-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC-acid), benzoylecgonine, morphine, codeine and phencyclidine in urine for purposes of workplace drug testing. In addition, current laboratory issues pertaining to each drug class are reviewed. Generally, drug assays utilized either liquid-liquid or solid-phase extraction methods, derivatization if necessary, and GC-MS detection operating in the selected ion monitoring mode or by full scan acquisition.
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U2 - 10.1016/0021-9673(94)85218-9
DO - 10.1016/0021-9673(94)85218-9
M3 - Review article
C2 - 8075776
AN - SCOPUS:0027956422
SN - 0021-9673
VL - 674
SP - 73
EP - 86
JO - Journal of Chromatography A
JF - Journal of Chromatography A
IS - 1-2
ER -