TY - JOUR
T1 - Composition of follow-up formula for young children aged 12-36 months
T2 - Recommendations of an international expert group coordinated by the Nutrition Association of Thailand and The Early Nutrition Academy
AU - Suthutvoravut, Umaporn
AU - Abiodun, Philip Olayele
AU - Chomtho, Sirinuch
AU - Chongviriyaphan, Nalinee
AU - Cruchet, Sylvia
AU - Davies, Peter S.W.
AU - Fuchs, George J.
AU - Gopalan, Sarath
AU - Van Goudoever, Johannes B.
AU - De La Rey Nel, Etienne
AU - Scheimann, Ann
AU - Spolidoro, Jose Vicente
AU - Tontisirin, Kraisid
AU - Wang, Weiping
AU - Winichagoon, Pattanee
AU - Koletzko, Berthold
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.
PY - 2015/10/9
Y1 - 2015/10/9
N2 - Background: There are no internationally agreed recommendations on compositional requirements of follow-up formula for young children (FUF-YC) aged 1-3 years. Aim: The aim of the study is to propose international compositional recommendations for FUF-YC. Methods: Compositional recommendations for FUF-YC were devised by expert consensus based on a detailed literature review of nutrient intakes and unmet needs in children aged 12-36 months. Results and Conclusions: Problematic nutrients with often inadequate intakes are the vitamins A, D, B12, C and folate, calcium, iron, iodine and zinc. If used, FUF-YC should be fed along with an age-appropriate mixed diet, usually contributing 1-2 cups (200-400 ml) of FUF-YC daily (approximately 15% of total energy intake). Protein from cow's milk-based formula should provide 1.6-2.7 g/100 kcal. Fat content should be 4.4-6.0 g/100 kcal. Carbohydrate should contribute 9-14 g/100 kcal with >50% from lactose. If other sugars are added, they should not exceed 10% of total carbohydrates. Calcium should provide 200 mg/100 kcal. Other micronutrient contents/100 kcal should reach 15% of the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization recommended nutrient intake values. A guidance upper level that was 3-5 times of the minimum level was established. Countries may adapt compositional requirements, considering recommended nutrient intakes, habitual diets, nutritional status and existence of micronutrient programs to ensure adequacy while preventing excessive intakes.
AB - Background: There are no internationally agreed recommendations on compositional requirements of follow-up formula for young children (FUF-YC) aged 1-3 years. Aim: The aim of the study is to propose international compositional recommendations for FUF-YC. Methods: Compositional recommendations for FUF-YC were devised by expert consensus based on a detailed literature review of nutrient intakes and unmet needs in children aged 12-36 months. Results and Conclusions: Problematic nutrients with often inadequate intakes are the vitamins A, D, B12, C and folate, calcium, iron, iodine and zinc. If used, FUF-YC should be fed along with an age-appropriate mixed diet, usually contributing 1-2 cups (200-400 ml) of FUF-YC daily (approximately 15% of total energy intake). Protein from cow's milk-based formula should provide 1.6-2.7 g/100 kcal. Fat content should be 4.4-6.0 g/100 kcal. Carbohydrate should contribute 9-14 g/100 kcal with >50% from lactose. If other sugars are added, they should not exceed 10% of total carbohydrates. Calcium should provide 200 mg/100 kcal. Other micronutrient contents/100 kcal should reach 15% of the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization recommended nutrient intake values. A guidance upper level that was 3-5 times of the minimum level was established. Countries may adapt compositional requirements, considering recommended nutrient intakes, habitual diets, nutritional status and existence of micronutrient programs to ensure adequacy while preventing excessive intakes.
KW - Follow-up formula
KW - Food standards
KW - Nutritional requirements
KW - Young child feeding
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U2 - 10.1159/000438495
DO - 10.1159/000438495
M3 - Review article
C2 - 26360877
AN - SCOPUS:84941759040
SN - 0250-6807
VL - 67
SP - 119
EP - 132
JO - Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism
JF - Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism
IS - 2
ER -