TY - GEN
T1 - Comparison of three pulsed infrared lasers for optical stimulation of the rat prostate cavernous nerves
AU - Stahl, Charlotte S.D.
AU - Tozburun, Serhat
AU - Hutchens, Thomas C.
AU - Lagoda, Gwen A.
AU - Burnett, Arthur L.
AU - Keller, Matthew D.
AU - Fried, Nathaniel M.
PY - 2013
Y1 - 2013
N2 - Optical nerve stimulation (ONS) is being explored for identification and preservation of the cavernous nerves (CN), responsible for erectile function, during prostate cancer surgery. This study compares three pulsed infrared lasers to determine whether differences in spectral linewidth and/or temporal pulse profile influence successful ONS of CN. Infrared laser radiation from the Capella diode laser (1873 nm, 5 ms, 10 Hz), Thulium fiber laser (TFL) (1873 nm, 5 ms, 10 Hz), and solid-state Holmium:YAG laser (2120 nm, 200 μs, 5 Hz) were transmitted through 400-μm-corediameter optical fibers, producing a 1-mm-diameter-spot on the nerve surface. Successful ONS was judged by an intracavernous pressure (ICP) response in the penis (n =10 rats) during a total stimulation time of 30 s. The narrow linewidth TFL (Δλ ∼ 0.5 nm) and broad linewidth Capella laser (Δλ ∼ 12 nm) performed similarly, producing ICP responses with a threshold radiant exposure of ∼ 0.45 J/cm2, and ICP response times of 12-17 s, while the Holmium laser stimulated at ∼ 0.59 J/cm2, and ICP response times of about 14-28 s. All three lasers demonstrated successful ONS of CN. ICP response time was dependent on the rate of energy deposition into the CN, rather than linewidth or temporal pulse profile.
AB - Optical nerve stimulation (ONS) is being explored for identification and preservation of the cavernous nerves (CN), responsible for erectile function, during prostate cancer surgery. This study compares three pulsed infrared lasers to determine whether differences in spectral linewidth and/or temporal pulse profile influence successful ONS of CN. Infrared laser radiation from the Capella diode laser (1873 nm, 5 ms, 10 Hz), Thulium fiber laser (TFL) (1873 nm, 5 ms, 10 Hz), and solid-state Holmium:YAG laser (2120 nm, 200 μs, 5 Hz) were transmitted through 400-μm-corediameter optical fibers, producing a 1-mm-diameter-spot on the nerve surface. Successful ONS was judged by an intracavernous pressure (ICP) response in the penis (n =10 rats) during a total stimulation time of 30 s. The narrow linewidth TFL (Δλ ∼ 0.5 nm) and broad linewidth Capella laser (Δλ ∼ 12 nm) performed similarly, producing ICP responses with a threshold radiant exposure of ∼ 0.45 J/cm2, and ICP response times of 12-17 s, while the Holmium laser stimulated at ∼ 0.59 J/cm2, and ICP response times of about 14-28 s. All three lasers demonstrated successful ONS of CN. ICP response time was dependent on the rate of energy deposition into the CN, rather than linewidth or temporal pulse profile.
KW - Cavernous nerves
KW - Infrared lasers
KW - Optical nerve stimulation
KW - Prostate
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84878192338&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84878192338&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1117/12.2000537
DO - 10.1117/12.2000537
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:84878192338
SN - 9780819493347
T3 - Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE
BT - Photonic Therapeutics and Diagnostics IX
T2 - Photonic Therapeutics and Diagnostics IX
Y2 - 2 February 2013 through 7 February 2013
ER -