TY - JOUR
T1 - Comparison of pH-adjusted lidocaine solutions for epidural anesthesia
AU - DiFazio, C. A.
AU - Carron, H.
AU - Grosslight, K. R.
AU - Moscicki, J. C.
AU - Bolding, W. R.
AU - Johns, R. A.
PY - 1986
Y1 - 1986
N2 - One hundred forty-eight adult patients having epidural anesthesia for cesarean section, postpartum tubal ligation, lower extremity orthopedic procedures, or lithotriptic therapy were assigned to five groups. Group 1 patients were given a commercially prepared 1.5% lidocaine solution with 1:200,000 epinephrine plus 1 ml of normal saline per 10 ml of lidocaine; the solution pH was 4.6. Group 2 patients were given commercially prepared 1.5% lidocaine solution plus 1:200,000 epinephrine, with 1 mEq (1 ml) NaHCO3 per 10 ml of lidocaine; the solution pH was 7.15. Group 3 patients received the commercial solution of 1.5% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine; the solution pH was 4.55. Group 4 patients were given a mixture of 18 ml of 2% lidocaine with 30 ml of 1.5% lidocaine, both commercially packaged with 1:200,000 epinephrine, plus 1 mEq (1 ml) of NaHCO3 added per 10 ml of solution; the solution pH was 7.2. Group 5 patients received 1.5% plain lidocaine to which epinephrine was added to a final concentration of 1:200,000; the solution pH was 6.35. Times of onset of analgesia (time between the completion of the anesthetic injection and loss of scratch sensation at the right hip (L-2 dermatome) and of surgical anesthesia (time between completion of injection and loss of discomfort following tetanic stimulation produced by a nerve stimulator applied to skin on the right hip) were significantly more rapid in the groups that received the pH-adjusted solutions (group 4 and 2). Group 4 had the fastest mean onset time, 1.92 ± 0.17 min, followed by group 2, 3.31 ± 0.23 min. Onset times were progressively longer in group 5 at 4.27 ± 0.51 min, group 3 at 4.73 ± 0.37 min, and group 1 at 7.11 ± 0.82 min. The spread of sensory blockade was also significantly more rapid in the pH-adjusted groups 5, 10, and 15 min after epidural injection. In patients having cesarean sections in groups 1 and 2, plasma lidocaine levels in the maternal peripheral venous and in umbilical cord blood and Apgar scores were similar in both groups.
AB - One hundred forty-eight adult patients having epidural anesthesia for cesarean section, postpartum tubal ligation, lower extremity orthopedic procedures, or lithotriptic therapy were assigned to five groups. Group 1 patients were given a commercially prepared 1.5% lidocaine solution with 1:200,000 epinephrine plus 1 ml of normal saline per 10 ml of lidocaine; the solution pH was 4.6. Group 2 patients were given commercially prepared 1.5% lidocaine solution plus 1:200,000 epinephrine, with 1 mEq (1 ml) NaHCO3 per 10 ml of lidocaine; the solution pH was 7.15. Group 3 patients received the commercial solution of 1.5% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine; the solution pH was 4.55. Group 4 patients were given a mixture of 18 ml of 2% lidocaine with 30 ml of 1.5% lidocaine, both commercially packaged with 1:200,000 epinephrine, plus 1 mEq (1 ml) of NaHCO3 added per 10 ml of solution; the solution pH was 7.2. Group 5 patients received 1.5% plain lidocaine to which epinephrine was added to a final concentration of 1:200,000; the solution pH was 6.35. Times of onset of analgesia (time between the completion of the anesthetic injection and loss of scratch sensation at the right hip (L-2 dermatome) and of surgical anesthesia (time between completion of injection and loss of discomfort following tetanic stimulation produced by a nerve stimulator applied to skin on the right hip) were significantly more rapid in the groups that received the pH-adjusted solutions (group 4 and 2). Group 4 had the fastest mean onset time, 1.92 ± 0.17 min, followed by group 2, 3.31 ± 0.23 min. Onset times were progressively longer in group 5 at 4.27 ± 0.51 min, group 3 at 4.73 ± 0.37 min, and group 1 at 7.11 ± 0.82 min. The spread of sensory blockade was also significantly more rapid in the pH-adjusted groups 5, 10, and 15 min after epidural injection. In patients having cesarean sections in groups 1 and 2, plasma lidocaine levels in the maternal peripheral venous and in umbilical cord blood and Apgar scores were similar in both groups.
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U2 - 10.1213/00000539-198607000-00010
DO - 10.1213/00000539-198607000-00010
M3 - Article
C2 - 3717616
AN - SCOPUS:0022450326
SN - 0003-2999
VL - 65
SP - 760
EP - 764
JO - Anesthesia and analgesia
JF - Anesthesia and analgesia
IS - 7
ER -