TY - JOUR
T1 - Comparison of equivolume, equiosmolar solutions of mannitol and hypertonic saline with or without furosemide on brain water content in normal rats
AU - Wang, Liang Chao
AU - Papangelou, Alexander
AU - Lin, Christopher
AU - Mirski, Marek A.
AU - Gottschalk, Allan
AU - Toung, Thomas J.K.
PY - 2013/4
Y1 - 2013/4
N2 - Background: Mannitol and hypertonic saline (HS) are used by clinicians to reduce brain water and intracranial pressure and have been evaluated in a variety of experimental and clinical protocols. Administering equivolume, equiosmolar solutions in healthy animals could help produce fundamental data on water translocation in uninjured tissue. Furthermore, the role of furosemide as an adjunct to osmotherapy remains unclear. Methods: Two hundred twenty isoflurane-anesthetized rats were assigned randomly to receive equivolume normal saline, 4.2% HS (1,368 mOsm/L 25% mannitol (1,375 mOsm/L), normal saline plus furosemide (8 mg/kg), or 4.2% HS plus furosemide (8 mg/kg) over 45 min. Rats were killed at 1, 2, 3, and 5 h after completion of the primary infusion. Outcome measurements included body weight; urinary output; serum and urinary osmolarity and electrolytes; and brain, lung, skeletal muscle, and small bowel water content. Results: In the mannitol group, the mean water content of brain tissue during the experiment was 78.0% (99.3% CI, 77.9-78.2%), compared to results from the normal saline (79.3% [99.3% CI, 79.1-79.5%]) and HS (78.8% [99.3% CI, 78.6-78.9%]) groups (P < 0.001), whereas HS plus furosemide yielded 78.0% (99.3% CI, 77.8-78.2%) (P = 0.917). After reaching a nadir at 1 h, brain water content increased at similar rates for mannitol (0.27%/h [99.3% CI, 0.14-0.40%/h]) and HS (0.27%/h [99.3% CI, 0.17-0.37%/h]) groups (P = 0.968). Conclusions: When compared to equivolume, equiosmolar administration of HS, mannitol reduced brain water content to a greater extent over the entire course of the 5-h experiment. When furosemide was added to HS, the brain-dehydrating effect could not be distinguished from that of mannitol.
AB - Background: Mannitol and hypertonic saline (HS) are used by clinicians to reduce brain water and intracranial pressure and have been evaluated in a variety of experimental and clinical protocols. Administering equivolume, equiosmolar solutions in healthy animals could help produce fundamental data on water translocation in uninjured tissue. Furthermore, the role of furosemide as an adjunct to osmotherapy remains unclear. Methods: Two hundred twenty isoflurane-anesthetized rats were assigned randomly to receive equivolume normal saline, 4.2% HS (1,368 mOsm/L 25% mannitol (1,375 mOsm/L), normal saline plus furosemide (8 mg/kg), or 4.2% HS plus furosemide (8 mg/kg) over 45 min. Rats were killed at 1, 2, 3, and 5 h after completion of the primary infusion. Outcome measurements included body weight; urinary output; serum and urinary osmolarity and electrolytes; and brain, lung, skeletal muscle, and small bowel water content. Results: In the mannitol group, the mean water content of brain tissue during the experiment was 78.0% (99.3% CI, 77.9-78.2%), compared to results from the normal saline (79.3% [99.3% CI, 79.1-79.5%]) and HS (78.8% [99.3% CI, 78.6-78.9%]) groups (P < 0.001), whereas HS plus furosemide yielded 78.0% (99.3% CI, 77.8-78.2%) (P = 0.917). After reaching a nadir at 1 h, brain water content increased at similar rates for mannitol (0.27%/h [99.3% CI, 0.14-0.40%/h]) and HS (0.27%/h [99.3% CI, 0.17-0.37%/h]) groups (P = 0.968). Conclusions: When compared to equivolume, equiosmolar administration of HS, mannitol reduced brain water content to a greater extent over the entire course of the 5-h experiment. When furosemide was added to HS, the brain-dehydrating effect could not be distinguished from that of mannitol.
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U2 - 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31828156ff
DO - 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31828156ff
M3 - Article
C2 - 23442754
AN - SCOPUS:84875901268
SN - 0003-3022
VL - 118
SP - 903
EP - 913
JO - Anesthesiology
JF - Anesthesiology
IS - 4
ER -