TY - JOUR
T1 - Comparative impact assessment of child pneumonia interventions
AU - Niessen, Louis
AU - Ten Hove, Anne
AU - Hilderink, Henk
AU - Weber, Martin
AU - Mulholland, Kim
AU - Ezzati, Majid
PY - 2009/6
Y1 - 2009/6
N2 - Objective: To compare the cost-effectiveness of interventions to reduce pneumonia mortality through risk reduction, immunization and case management. Methods: Country-specific pneumonia burden estimates and intervention costs from WHO were used to review estimates of pneumonia risk in children under 5 years of age and the efficacy of interventions (case management, pneumonia-related vaccines, improved nutrition and reduced indoor air pollution from household solid fuels). We calculated health benefits (disability-adjusted life years, DALYs, averted) and intervention costs over a period of 10 years for 40 countries, accounting for 90% of pneumonia child deaths. Findings: Solid fuel use contributes 30% (90% confidence interval: 18-44) to the burden of childhood pneumonia. Efficacious community-based treatment, promotion of exclusive breastfeeding, zinc supplementation and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and Streptococcus pneumoniae immunization through existing programmes showed cost-effectiveness ratios of 10-60 International dollars (I$) per DALY in low-income countries and less than I$ 120 per DALY in middle-income countries. Low-emission biomass stoves and cleaner fuels may be cost-effective in low-income regions. Facility-based treatment is potentially cost-effective, with ratios of I$ 60-120 per DALY. The cost-effectiveness of community case management depends on home visit cost. Conclusion: Vaccines against Hib and S. pneumoniae, efficacious case management, breastfeeding promotion and zinc supplementation are cost-effective in reducing pneumonia mortality. Environmental and nutritional interventions reduce pneumonia and provide other benefits. These strategies combined may reduce total child mortality by 17%.
AB - Objective: To compare the cost-effectiveness of interventions to reduce pneumonia mortality through risk reduction, immunization and case management. Methods: Country-specific pneumonia burden estimates and intervention costs from WHO were used to review estimates of pneumonia risk in children under 5 years of age and the efficacy of interventions (case management, pneumonia-related vaccines, improved nutrition and reduced indoor air pollution from household solid fuels). We calculated health benefits (disability-adjusted life years, DALYs, averted) and intervention costs over a period of 10 years for 40 countries, accounting for 90% of pneumonia child deaths. Findings: Solid fuel use contributes 30% (90% confidence interval: 18-44) to the burden of childhood pneumonia. Efficacious community-based treatment, promotion of exclusive breastfeeding, zinc supplementation and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and Streptococcus pneumoniae immunization through existing programmes showed cost-effectiveness ratios of 10-60 International dollars (I$) per DALY in low-income countries and less than I$ 120 per DALY in middle-income countries. Low-emission biomass stoves and cleaner fuels may be cost-effective in low-income regions. Facility-based treatment is potentially cost-effective, with ratios of I$ 60-120 per DALY. The cost-effectiveness of community case management depends on home visit cost. Conclusion: Vaccines against Hib and S. pneumoniae, efficacious case management, breastfeeding promotion and zinc supplementation are cost-effective in reducing pneumonia mortality. Environmental and nutritional interventions reduce pneumonia and provide other benefits. These strategies combined may reduce total child mortality by 17%.
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U2 - 10.2471/BLT.08.050872
DO - 10.2471/BLT.08.050872
M3 - Article
C2 - 19565126
AN - SCOPUS:67649160604
SN - 0042-9686
VL - 87
SP - 472
EP - 480
JO - Bulletin of the World Health Organization
JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization
IS - 6
ER -