TY - JOUR
T1 - Common clinical conditions-age, low BMI, ritonavir use, mild renal impairment-affect tenofovir pharmacokinetics in a large cohort of HIV-infected women
AU - Baxi, Sanjiv M.
AU - Greenblatt, Ruth M.
AU - Bacchetti, Peter
AU - Scherzer, Rebecca
AU - Minkoff, Howard
AU - Huang, Yong
AU - Anastos, Kathryn
AU - Cohen, Mardge
AU - Gange, Stephen J.
AU - Young, Mary
AU - Shlipak, Michael G.
AU - Gandhi, Monica
PY - 2014/1/2
Y1 - 2014/1/2
N2 - Objective: Tenofovir is used commonly in HIV treatment and prevention settings, but factors that correlate with tenofovir exposure in real-world settings are unknown. Design: Intensive pharmacokinetic studies of tenofovir in a large, diverse cohort of HIVinfected women over 24 h at steady state were performed and factors that influenced exposure [assessed by areas under the concentration-time curves (AUCs)] identified. Methods: HIV-infected women (n1/4101) on tenofovir-based therapy underwent intensive 24-h pharmacokinetic sampling. Data on race/ethnicity, age, exogenous steroid use, menstrual cycle phase, concomitant medications, recreational drugs and/or tobacco, hepatic and renal function, weight, and BMI were collected. Multivariable models using forward stepwise selection identified factors associated with effects on AUC. Glomerular filtration rates (GFRs) prior to starting tenofovir were estimated by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation using both creatinine and cystatin-C measures. Results: The median (range) of tenofovir AUCs was 3350 (1031-13 911) ngxh/ml. Higher AUCs were associated with concomitant ritonavir use (1.33-fold increase, P=0.002), increasing age (1.21-fold increase per decade, P=0.0007), and decreasing BMI (1.04-fold increase per 10% decrease in BMI). When GFR was calculated using cystatin-C measures, mild renal insufficiency prior to tenofovir initiation was associated with higher subsequent exposure (1.35-fold increasewhen pre-tenofovirGFR 70ml/min, P=0.0075). Conclusion: Concomitant ritonavir use, increasing age, decreasing BMI, and lower GFR prior to tenofovir initiation as estimated by cystatin C were all associated with elevated tenofovir exposure in a diverse cohort of HIV-infected women. Clinicians treating HIV-infected women should be aware of common clinical conditions that affect tenofovir exposure when prescribing this medication.
AB - Objective: Tenofovir is used commonly in HIV treatment and prevention settings, but factors that correlate with tenofovir exposure in real-world settings are unknown. Design: Intensive pharmacokinetic studies of tenofovir in a large, diverse cohort of HIVinfected women over 24 h at steady state were performed and factors that influenced exposure [assessed by areas under the concentration-time curves (AUCs)] identified. Methods: HIV-infected women (n1/4101) on tenofovir-based therapy underwent intensive 24-h pharmacokinetic sampling. Data on race/ethnicity, age, exogenous steroid use, menstrual cycle phase, concomitant medications, recreational drugs and/or tobacco, hepatic and renal function, weight, and BMI were collected. Multivariable models using forward stepwise selection identified factors associated with effects on AUC. Glomerular filtration rates (GFRs) prior to starting tenofovir were estimated by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation using both creatinine and cystatin-C measures. Results: The median (range) of tenofovir AUCs was 3350 (1031-13 911) ngxh/ml. Higher AUCs were associated with concomitant ritonavir use (1.33-fold increase, P=0.002), increasing age (1.21-fold increase per decade, P=0.0007), and decreasing BMI (1.04-fold increase per 10% decrease in BMI). When GFR was calculated using cystatin-C measures, mild renal insufficiency prior to tenofovir initiation was associated with higher subsequent exposure (1.35-fold increasewhen pre-tenofovirGFR 70ml/min, P=0.0075). Conclusion: Concomitant ritonavir use, increasing age, decreasing BMI, and lower GFR prior to tenofovir initiation as estimated by cystatin C were all associated with elevated tenofovir exposure in a diverse cohort of HIV-infected women. Clinicians treating HIV-infected women should be aware of common clinical conditions that affect tenofovir exposure when prescribing this medication.
KW - Areas under the concentration-time curve
KW - Cystatin C
KW - Diverse populations
KW - Exposure
KW - Glomerular filtration rate
KW - HIV-infected women
KW - Pharmacokinetics
KW - Tenofovir
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U2 - 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000033
DO - 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000033
M3 - Article
C2 - 24275255
AN - SCOPUS:84892371096
SN - 0269-9370
VL - 28
SP - 59
EP - 66
JO - AIDS
JF - AIDS
IS - 1
ER -