Abstract
A pharmaceutical grade extract of Coix lachryma-jobi seeds is currently the most commonly used treatment for cancer in China. Although clinical data support the use of this preparation of a Traditional Chinese Medicine for cancer treatment, biological basis for the activity of this preparation has not been previously established. To address this issue, we first evaluated the anti-neoplastic activity of a Coix extract emulsion in xenografts of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and found that the extract significantly inhibits growth of MDA-MB-231 xenografts in athymic nude mice. Using oligonucleotide microarrays, we determined that Coix seed extract also significantly affects gene expression in these cells, including downregulation of genes (such as COX-2 and matrixmetalloproteinases) that are considered to be important in neoplasia. The specific gene expression changes noted after Coix seed extract treatment are characteristic of inhibition of NFκB-dependent transcription, leading us to evaluate how the treatment affects that pathway. An NFκB-dependent reporter assay demonstrated dose-dependant inhibition of NFκB signaling by treatment of cultures with the extract, and immunofluorescent microscopy found that these effects are associated with reduced translocation of the Rel-A/p65 subunit of NFκB to the nucleus. Coix extract also inhibits activity of protein kinase C, a major mediator of signal transduction and activator of NFκB. Thus, this Traditional Chinese Medicine-based cancer treatment affects cellular pathways of recognized importance in neoplasia.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 2005-2011 |
Number of pages | 7 |
Journal | Cancer Biology and Therapy |
Volume | 6 |
Issue number | 12 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Dec 2007 |
Keywords
- COX-2
- Coix extract
- NFκB
- Traditional Chinese medicine
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Molecular Medicine
- Oncology
- Pharmacology
- Cancer Research