Cohort studies of fat intake and the risk of breast cancer - A pooled analysis

David J. Hunter, Donna Spiegelman, Hans Olov Adami, Lawrence Beeson, Piet A. Van Den Brandt, Aaron R. Folsom, Gary E. Fraser, R. Alexandra Goldbohm, Saxon Graham, Geoffrey R. Howe, Lawrence H. Kushi, James R. Marshall, Aidan McDermott, Anthony B. Miller, Frank E. Speizer, Alicja Wolk, Shiaw Shyuan Yaun, Walter Willett

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

532 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background. Experiments in animals, international correlation comparisons, and case-control studies support an association between dietary fat intake and the incidence of breast cancer. Most cohort studies do not corroborate the association, but they have been criticized for involving small numbers of cases, homogeneous fat intake, and measurement errors in estimates of fat intake. Methods. We identified seven prospective studies in four countries that met specific criteria and analyzed the primary data in a standardized manner. Pooled estimates of the relation of fat intake to the risk of breast cancer were calculated, and data from study-specific validation studies were used to adjust the results for measurement error. Results. Information about 4980 cases from studies including 337,819 women was available. When women in the highest quintile of energy-adjusted total fat intake were compared with women in the lowest quintile, the multivariate pooled relative risk of breast cancer was 1.05 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.94 to 1.16). Relative risks for saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fat and for cholesterol, considered individually, were also close to unity. There was little overall association between the percentage of energy intake from fat and the risk of breast cancer, even among women whose energy intake from fat was less than 20 percent. Correcting for error in the measurement of nutrient intake did not materially alter these findings. Conclusions. We found no evidence of a positive association between total dietary fat intake and the risk of breast cancer. There was no reduction in risk even among women whose energy intake from tat was less than 20 percent of total energy intake. In the context of the Western lifestyle, lowering the total intake of fat in midlife is unlikely to reduce the risk of breast cancer substantially.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)356-361
Number of pages6
JournalNew England Journal of Medicine
Volume334
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - Feb 8 1996
Externally publishedYes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Medicine

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