TY - JOUR
T1 - Cocaine use modifies the association between antiretroviral therapy and endothelial dysfunction among adults with HIV infection
AU - Li, Ji
AU - Lai, Hong
AU - Chen, Shaoguang
AU - Kickler, Thomas
AU - Lai, Shenghan
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank the staff and participants for their participation and contributions. This study was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health under Grant U01DA040325.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PY - 2019/9
Y1 - 2019/9
N2 - Cocaine is commonly used among HIV-infected people and may worsen HIV disease progression. In addition, existing evidence suggests a link between antiretroviral regimens and endothelial dysfunction. This study aimed to examine whether the associations of antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens with endothelial dysfunction may be modified by cocaine use in adults with HIV infection. Between 2003 and 2014, 466 HIV-positive participants residing in Baltimore, Maryland, were enrolled in a study investigating comorbidities associated with HIV/ART. The associations between various risk factors and endothelial dysfunction indicators were examined by robust regression models fitted for the overall subjects and cocaine subgroups, separately. Duration of nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based therapy was negatively associated with plasma vWF:Ag levels in cocaine non-users (β = −.715, SE =.220, P <.05). However, cocaine users on longer-term NNRTI-based regimens had greater plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) concentrations than their counterparts (β =.003, SE =.001, P <.05). In addition, current cigarette smoking was significantly positively associated with ET-1 concentrations in both cocaine non-users (β =.609, SE =.164, P <.05) and cocaine users (β =.331, SE =.086, P <.05). In conclusion, cocaine use modified the potential effects of NNRTI-based therapy on biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction. These findings suggested that reduction in cocaine use may improve endothelial function in HIV-infected cocaine users.
AB - Cocaine is commonly used among HIV-infected people and may worsen HIV disease progression. In addition, existing evidence suggests a link between antiretroviral regimens and endothelial dysfunction. This study aimed to examine whether the associations of antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens with endothelial dysfunction may be modified by cocaine use in adults with HIV infection. Between 2003 and 2014, 466 HIV-positive participants residing in Baltimore, Maryland, were enrolled in a study investigating comorbidities associated with HIV/ART. The associations between various risk factors and endothelial dysfunction indicators were examined by robust regression models fitted for the overall subjects and cocaine subgroups, separately. Duration of nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based therapy was negatively associated with plasma vWF:Ag levels in cocaine non-users (β = −.715, SE =.220, P <.05). However, cocaine users on longer-term NNRTI-based regimens had greater plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) concentrations than their counterparts (β =.003, SE =.001, P <.05). In addition, current cigarette smoking was significantly positively associated with ET-1 concentrations in both cocaine non-users (β =.609, SE =.164, P <.05) and cocaine users (β =.331, SE =.086, P <.05). In conclusion, cocaine use modified the potential effects of NNRTI-based therapy on biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction. These findings suggested that reduction in cocaine use may improve endothelial function in HIV-infected cocaine users.
KW - HIV infection
KW - antiretroviral therapy
KW - cocaine use
KW - endothelin-1
KW - von Willebrand factor antigen
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U2 - 10.1002/jmv.25507
DO - 10.1002/jmv.25507
M3 - Article
C2 - 31144332
AN - SCOPUS:85069485795
SN - 0146-6615
VL - 91
SP - 1660
EP - 1667
JO - Journal of Medical Virology
JF - Journal of Medical Virology
IS - 9
ER -